. X G = (X, U), X Í X , . y i Í X G = (X, U) () (), xi Î X . y i ,
" xi Î y i ( xi Ç y i = Æ). (17.8)
. G y = {y1, y2,..., y s }. , , . h(G)
h(G) = |max y i |, y i Î y. (17.9)
h(G) c(G) : h(G)c(G) ³ n.
. . . . y = {y1, y2,..., y l } . G , . , . i C i = (xi + xk × xl ×... × xq), ( xi + xk , xk × xl xk xl ). xi , i, xk, xl,..., xq , xi. i, i . G xi. j C j = (xj + xp × xr ×... × xv). , . = C i × C j ×... × C k, ,
xi n = xi, xi + xi +... + xi = xi; xi + 1 = 1; xi + xi xj = xi. (17.10)
y , , , .
G.
, . , , G . . , , , .
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, M = ||m i , j ||n×w,
w y. , .
, G (. 17.1) M :
x 1 | x 2 | x 3 | x 4 | x 5 | x 6 | x 7 | |||
M = | y1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | . |
y2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
y3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
y4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
y5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
, , , , . y1 ( x 1, x 5, x 6 x 7), y5 ( x 3, x 4), y3 ( x 2, x 6), y4 ( x 2, x 4).
, : x 1, x 5, x 6 x 7 ; x 3, x 4 ; x 2 .
.
G = (X, x), , . = { x 1, x 2,..., xn } , i = { xk, xe,..., xp } xk, xe,..., xp, xi, , (xi, xk), (xi, xe),..., (xi, xp); .
M i Í G ,
(" x Ï M i) (G x Ç M i ¹ Æ). (17.11)
() , . = {M1, M2,..., M i } (). . , , (b(G)).
.
. , ai a (q, i) , .
A = { a 1, a 2,..., an }, ai ¹ aj, aq = { a (1, q), a (2, q),..., a (m, q)}; a (i, q) ¹ a(j, q).
() , . G = (X, x), = { x 1, x 2,..., xn }, P1, P2,..., P n -1 ai Î P i . P i , xi, G = P1, P2,..., P n -1. P i , .
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G ().
A = Q1, Q2,..., Q n; Q i = [ i ][ j 1, j 2,..., jl ] = [ i ][Q i ].
Q i xi G; i xi; Q i = j 1, j 2,..., jl , xi.
G (. 17.7)
17.7. G
:
= | [1] | [2, 3, 4, 5] | . |
[2] | [1, 5, 6] | ||
[3] | [1, 4, 7] | ||
[4] | [1, 3, 6] | ||
[5] | [1, 2, 7] | ||
[6] | [2, 4] | ||
[7] | [3, 5] |
, , , . , () . , n 1 Q i. A (.. ) RL (.. ).
, :
Q i, i j 1, j 2,..., jl Q k .
G xi, , xi. , , : X = { i, j 1, j 2,..., jl }. X Í X.
M i Í M. . Q i, |Q i | . , . X = { xi, xk, xl,..., xq } ( xk, xl,..., xq Q i). Ւ. Ւ = , xi M1. A Q j, |Q j | . , Q s, , Ւ . X. X = , xi xj M1 = { xi, xj }. , , l X( l ) = X. .
G.
1. G .
2. Q i c |Q i | = max.
3. Ւ.
4. X . |X| = |X|, 1 = { xi } 6. 5.
5. j Q j, j: = i 3.
6. . .
G (. 17.7). Q1, .. Q1 .
= | [2] | [6] | . |
[3] | [7] | ||
[4] | [6] | ||
[5] | [7] | ||
[6] | [Æ] | ||
[7] | [Æ] |
X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5}. , A, . 17.8.
. 17.8. G
X . , x 1 1 . Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5. , , Q2. :
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= | [3] | [7] | . |
[4] | [Æ] | ||
[5] | [7] | ||
[6] | [Æ] | ||
[7] | [Æ] |
X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6}. |X| ¹ |X|, , x 2 1 . Q3 Q5. , Q3, .
= | [4] | [Æ] | . |
[5] | [Æ] | ||
[6] | [Æ] | ||
[7] | [Æ] |
X = { x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4, x 5, x 6, x 7, x 8} = X. , M = { x 1, x 2, x 3}.
17.2. i, , .
. , i . , i , .. i . , l X( l ) ¹ X, . , X( l ) ¹ X, i .
, i Ì . , j , j Ì i, .. , , xb Î X, i, j . , i É j, . , i .
.
, X Í X , . .
17.3 G = (X, U) ,
n(G) ³ b(G). (17.12)
, G ( 3.7) { x 3, x 5, x 6} , . h(G)= 3 = b(G).
1. , RL.
.
: .
1. RL . 3.
:
C3 = (x 3 + x 2 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8).
3- 3. RL1.
.
2. RL1 4. : C4 = (x 4 + x 1 x 5 x 7 x 8). , RL2.
.
3. 2 C2 = (x 2 + x 1 x 6 x 7). , RL3.
.
4. , 1 C1 = (x 1 + + x 5).
5. :
P =(x 1 + x 5)(x 2 + x 1 x 6 x 7)(x 3 + x 2 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8)(x 4 + x 1 x 5 x 7 x 8).
:
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P = x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 + x 1 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 8 + x 1 x 3 x 4 x 6 x 7 + x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 + x 1 x 3 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 + + x 1 x 2 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8.
6. : K1, K2, K3, , K6. , .. :
= x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 + x 4 x 6 + x 2 x 5 x 8 + x 1 x 6 x 7 x 8 + x 2 x 4 + x 3 x 4.
. , :
y = [y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6],
y1 = { x 5, x 6, x 7, x 8}; y2 = { x 4, x 6}; y3 = { x 2, x 5, x 8}; y4 = { x 1, x 6, x 7, x 8}; y5 = { x 2, x 4}; y6 = { x 3, x 4}.
, h(G) 4.
. , .
2. , 1 . , .
x 1 Ï K4; x 2 Ï K3, K5; x 3 Ï K6; x 4 Ï K2, K5, K6; x 5 Ï K1, K3; x 6 Ï K1, K2, K4; x 7 Ï K1, K4; x 8 Ï K1, K3, K4.
:
P = K4 × (K3 + K5) × K6 × (K2 + K5 + K6) × (K4 + K3) × (K1 + K2 + K4) × (K1 + K4) × (K1 + K3 + K4).
:
P = K1K2K3K4K6 + K1K4K5K6.
K i , , K i - , .
, , , , .
, , , . K1, K4, K5, K6. , K1 { x 5, x 6, x 7, x 8}., .
, :
K4 \ K1 = { x 1, x 6, x 7, x 8} \ { x 5, x 6, x 7, x 8} = { x 1}.
x 1 .
, x 2, x 4 , x 3 .
, , .
, .
3. 1, .
: c , , - .
x 1 | x 2 | x 3 | x 4 | x 5 | x 6 | x 7 | x 8 | . | |
y1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
y2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
y3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
y4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
y5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
y6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
. x 5, x 6, x 7, x 8. x 4. - x 2. - x 1. , , - x 3. , .
1 : 1 x 5, x 6, x 7, x 8; 2 x 4; 3 x 2; 4 x 1; 5 x 3.
, , , .
2 : 1 x 1, x 6, x 7, x 8 (4 ); 2 x 3, x 4 (6 ); 3 x 2, x 5 (3 ).
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. .
6. .
7. ?
8. .
9. ?
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10. .