.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-




- . , . , . , . , , , . . - . . . - .

-- . , , . . . .

- , , . , - . - , , . , . . ( ) . . , , , .

. () . , . , . , . - . . -.

,

, . . 50-70% , . - . . . , . .

. , . .

, 2-4 , . . , , . . - .

14 , . . , 10-14 . , , , 8- (Nelson, 1996). 6- (, 1986), . (. 6) .

1-15% . 75% - , 2 , . , , . .

, , . , , : , , , . , , (Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics, 1997, In: AVMA Directory and Resource Manual, AVMA, Schaumburg, IL). , (Nelson, 1996). , , . , 21 25 ( 16 ), (100-1 000 ME, 4 2 ).

( 6-13 , , ) . . , .

- . , , , - . , , . 446 136 . . - . , . , , .

, , , . . , . , , , .

. . , . . , .

VS: Cryptorchidism in the dog. In: Morrow DA, ed: Current Therapy in Theriogenology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1986, pp 541-543. A thorough review of canine cryptorchidism.

Johnson CA, Walker RD: Clinical signs and diagnosis of Brucella canis infection. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 14:763, 1992. Well-written recent discussion of B. canis diagnosis and treatment.

Madewell BR, Theilen GH: Tumors of the urogenital tract. In: Theilen GH, Madewell BR, eds: Veterinary Cancer Medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1987, pp 583-600. A good review of neoplasia of the urinary and genital tract in many species of animals.

McDonald RK, Walker M, Legendre AM, et al: Radiotherapy of metastatic seminoma in the dog. J Vet Intern Med 2:103, 1988. One of the few published reports of radiotherapy for treatment of testicular neoplasia in dogs.

Meyers-Wallen VN, Patterson DF: Disorders of sexual development in dogs and cats. In: Kirk RW, ed: Current Veterinary Therapy X. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1989, pp 1261-1265. A detailed review of the pathogenesis of sexual development disorders in dogs and cats.

Nelson RW: Disorders of the testes and epididymides. In: Feldman EC, Nelson RW, eds: Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996, pp 697-710. Well-written discussion of male genital tract disorders including current treatment modalities.

Pugh CR, Kinde LJ: Sonographic evaluation of canine testicular and scrotal abnormalities: A review of 26 case histories. Vet Radiol 32:243, 1991. Good description of sonographic appearance of vari ous testicular and scrotal disorders in dogs.


.


. : , , - . . , , 100 000 .

: (1) ( ), (2) , , (3) . , , . . - , . . , , , . . (1) , , (), (2) , , , , , (3) , . , , , , , , . , , , . . , .





:


: 2018-10-18; !; : 371 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

1952 - | 1612 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.012 .