. .
() ( ), , . , - , , . , , .
, , (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI). - (EAUd'Estrus, Synbiotics, Malvem, PA) . , , .
, . . , . , - .
. , . , , , 0,5 3,0 . . , , . .
. , . , , , . : 1,5-3,0 4,5 , 3,0-5,0 - 4,5^22,7 5,0-8,0 22,7 .
. .
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. ( 70%), ( 300 2 ). . (Root andjohnston, 1994). , 150-200 .
( ), , , , 24 ( ), , ( ). (Fresh Express, Synbiotics, Malvem, PA; International Canine Semen Bank, North Ridgeville, OH; Fresh Kooled Canine Semen, Camelot Farms, Coledge Station, TX).
(. ). 2 . 3 . , ( -5 6 ). . , .
. (Synbiotics, Malvem, PA), . , (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI), ; . (Osiris probe, IM.V.IM., I'Aigle, France).
, , . , . , . , . , , . . , - . , 5-10 . , -. 30-60 , .
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. , . , .
, , . . , (Linde-Forsberg and Forsberg, 1989, 1993). 8F (Wilson, 1993).
23,3-30,5% (Linde-Forsberg and Forsberg, 1989, 1993). :
80-95%.
, 62,5-100%.
, 59-80%.
, 52,6-60%.
, 0-80%.
Fontbonne A, Badinand F: Canine artificial insemination with frozen semen: Comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine deposition of semen. J Reprod Pert Suppl 47:325, 1993. This article describes a comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination with frozen semen in 57 bitches.
Gill HP, Kaufman CF, Foote RH, et al: Artificial insemination of Beagle bitches with freshly collected, liquid-stored; and frozen-stored semen. Am J Vet Res 31:1807, 1970. This is a prospective study comparing insemination with fresh, chilled extended, and frozen semen in Beagle bitches.
Linde-Forsberg C, Forsberg M: Fertility in dogs in relation to semen quality and the time and site of insemination with fresh and frozen semen. J Reprod Pert Suppl 39:299,1989. This article describes a ret rospective study of 470 bitches inseminated with fresh or frozen semen, with a description of the use of the rigid transcervical catheter.
Linde-Forsberg C, Forsberg M: Results of 527 controlled artificial inseminations in dogs. J Reprod Pert Suppl 47:313,1993. This was a retrospective study of 527 bitches inseminated with fresh or frozen semen, with a description of the use of the rigid transcervical catheter.
Root MV, Johnston SD: Basics for a complete reproductive examination of the male dog. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 9:41, 1994. This is a complete description of semen collection and evalua tion in the dog.
Silva LDM, Onclin K, Lejeune B, et al: Comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination of bitches with fresh and frozen semen. Vet Rec 138:154, 1996. This article describes a comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination with fresh or frozen semen in 30 bitches.
Wilson MS: Non-surgical intrauterine artificial insemination in bitches using frozen semen. J Reprod Pert Suppl 47:307,1993. This is a comparison of intrauterine insemination of frozen semen with the rigid transcervical catheter or endoscopic visualization of the cervix and passage of a polypropylene catheter in 46 bitches.