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. ( 70%), ( 300 2 ). . (Root andjohnston, 1994). , 150-200 .

( ), , , , 24 ( ), , ( ). (Fresh Express, Synbiotics, Malvem, PA; International Canine Semen Bank, North Ridgeville, OH; Fresh Kooled Canine Semen, Camelot Farms, Coledge Station, TX).

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. (Synbiotics, Malvem, PA), . , (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI), ; . (Osiris probe, IM.V.IM., I'Aigle, France).

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23,3-30,5% (Linde-Forsberg and Forsberg, 1989, 1993). :

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Fontbonne A, Badinand F: Canine artificial insemination with frozen semen: Comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine deposition of semen. J Reprod Pert Suppl 47:325, 1993. This article describes a comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination with frozen semen in 57 bitches.

Gill HP, Kaufman CF, Foote RH, et al: Artificial insemination of Beagle bitches with freshly collected, liquid-stored; and frozen-stored semen. Am J Vet Res 31:1807, 1970. This is a prospective study comparing insemination with fresh, chilled extended, and frozen semen in Beagle bitches.

Linde-Forsberg C, Forsberg M: Fertility in dogs in relation to semen quality and the time and site of insemination with fresh and frozen semen. J Reprod Pert Suppl 39:299,1989. This article describes a ret rospective study of 470 bitches inseminated with fresh or frozen semen, with a description of the use of the rigid transcervical catheter.

Linde-Forsberg C, Forsberg M: Results of 527 controlled artificial inseminations in dogs. J Reprod Pert Suppl 47:313,1993. This was a retrospective study of 527 bitches inseminated with fresh or frozen semen, with a description of the use of the rigid transcervical catheter.

Root MV, Johnston SD: Basics for a complete reproductive examination of the male dog. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 9:41, 1994. This is a complete description of semen collection and evalua tion in the dog.

Silva LDM, Onclin K, Lejeune B, et al: Comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination of bitches with fresh and frozen semen. Vet Rec 138:154, 1996. This article describes a comparison of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination with fresh or frozen semen in 30 bitches.

Wilson MS: Non-surgical intrauterine artificial insemination in bitches using frozen semen. J Reprod Pert Suppl 47:307,1993. This is a comparison of intrauterine insemination of frozen semen with the rigid transcervical catheter or endoscopic visualization of the cervix and passage of a polypropylene catheter in 46 bitches.






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