. , , , , .
(. 2.2 )
lT = l0(1 + αT), (2.1)
l0 , ;
α , 1/;
, .
, . .
∆ l = l T - l 0 = α Tl 0. (2.2)
, α , . , t (. 2.2).
2.2 () ()
, , .
, , ,
λ = ∆ l / l 0 = α T, (2.3)
λ .
b (p. 2.3 ), b . ε σ, .
2.3 () ()
, , t 2 (. 2.3 ) ε 2,
(2.4)
λ2 2;
∆ (. . , b.
, ε ε ( σ), , , ,
(2.5)
, .
max ( t4) ε max, .
|
|
(2.6)
(2.4) (2.6) , . , , 3 = 500 0 = 600 , . . σ ≈ 0. (2.5) ε ε.
0 , .
, 2.1 .
.
δ = 25 (. 2.4) ( = 750 ). , 3, 25 . , , = 20 , (20).
. 0 (. 2.1). . , (2.3).
, , 3 ( , . 2.1), 500, ,
λ = α = 12 ∙ 10-6∙(500 20) = 5,76 10-3.
, (ε = 1,2∙10-3, . 2.1), , ε, , (2.5)
ε = λ - ε = 57,510-4 - 1210-4 = 45,5 10-4.
|
| ||||||||
3 | 1189 | - 5 | BT1 | ||||||
α, 1/ | 12∙10-6 | (1820)∙10-6 | 25∙10-6 | 910-6 | |||||
γ, /3Ѡ | 1,14 | 1,14 | 0,636 | 0,68 | |||||
λ, /∙∙ | 0,096 | 0,06 | 0,32 | 0,036 | |||||
= λ/cγ, 2/ | 0,085 | 0,053 | 0.500 | 0.053 | |||||
0, , | 600 | 900 | 500 | 700 | |||||
, , ºC | 500 | 700 | 200 | ||||||
σ, /2 | 4200 | 4500 | 3000 | 50006000 | |||||
σ σ0.2, /2 | 2400 | 2100
| 1360 | 4000 | |||||
, /2 | 2∙106 | 1,6106 | 0,6∙106 | 1,12∙106 | |||||
, ε ε0.2 | 1210-4 | 13,110-4 | 22,710-4 | 35,710-4 | |||||
μ, 3/. | 3,5310-6 | (5,285,87)∙10-6 | 13,810-6 | 6,810-6 | |||||
μ, q/F, /3 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 45 | |||||
(3.12) ε/μq 1/2 | 340/q | (224248)/q | 164/q | ||||||
=1/(πλcγΤ02), 4/2 | 8,0710-6 | 6,2510-6 | |||||||
2.1 , ,
σ = ε = ε = σ ,
. . .
N = σ F = .