,
u 1 + u 2 + u 3 +... + un +...
. .
. :
,
u 1 + u 2 + u 3 +... + un +... (7.4)
v 1 + v 2 + v 3 +... + vn +... (7.5)
w 1 + w 2 + w 3 +... + wn +... (7.6)
:
) n, 堠
un £ vn (7.7)
(7.5) (7.4);
) , n,
un ³ wn (7.8)
(7.6) (7.4).
.
)
Sn = u 1 + u 2 + u 3 +... + un
n = v 1 + v 2 + v 3 +... + vn
(7.7) Sn £ n.
(7.5) , .. = ,
³ n ³ Sn.
, Sn ( (7.4)) . , (7.4) .
) (7.6) Wn
Wn = w 1 + w 2 + w 3 +... + wn,
(7.8) Sn ³ Wn.
(15.6) , .. = ¥,
(15.4) .
.
u 1 + u 2 + u 3 +... + un +... (7.9)
v 1 + v 2 + v 3 +... + vn +... (7.10)
k1 > 0 k2 > 0, , n,
(7.11)
(7.9) (7.10) .
. (7.11) ,
k 1 vn £ un £ k 2 vn. (7.12)
(7.9) , (7.12)
k 1 v 1 + k 1 v 2 + k 1 v 3 +... + k 1 vn +...
, 2, (7.10).
, (7.9) .
(7.11) ,
, , (7.10) .
( ). (7.9) (7.10)
= r <¥, r ¹ 0, (7.13)
|
|
.
.
( )
a + aq + aq 2 +... + aqn -1 +....
q < 1. (q ³ 1) . ,
,
,
1 + 2 + 4 +... + 2 n -1 +..., q = 2
. , , .
p > 1 p £ 1.
,
- ,
- .
p = 1 :
!
, 2
.
.
. , .
, .
.
.
, ( ).
.
. ,
:
.
.
, , (.. ).
.
. :
- n ,
- n 젠 .
, un / vn . n 1/2 2. , , .. .
.
u 1 + u 2 + u 3 +... + un +... (7.14)
un un -1, n = N,
(7.15)
(7.14) .
, N,
(7.16)
(7.14) .
. (7.15), n.
un £ un -1 q, un -1 £ un -2 q,..., u 2 £ u 1 q.
, ,
un £ u 1 qn -1
.
, (7.14) (q < 1) . (7.14) .
|
|
(7.16).
u 1 < u 2 < u 3 <...< un -1 < un <...,
.. n. , (7.14) . n, , , . , .
. ( ).
,
p< 1 (7.14) , p> 1 .
.
.
, .
. , n . .
u 1- u 2 + u 3 - ... + (-1) n +1 un +... (7.17)
un > 0.
: (7.17) , u 1 > u 2 >> u n >.... , (7.17) , u 1.
. S 2 m , .
S 2 m = (u 1 - u 2 ) + (u 3 - u 4 ) +......+ (u 2 m -1 u 2 m ) > 0,
. S 2 m m, .. S 2 m = S 2(m -1) + (u 2 m -1 u 2 m ) > S 2(m -1).
S 2 m = u 1 - (u 2 - u 3 ) - (u 4 u 5)......- (u 2 m -2 - u 2 m -1) u 2 m < u 1.
. . mS 2 m . , S = . .
S 2 m +1 = S 2 m + u 2 m +1
+ = S + 0 = S.
, , . .
u 1 + u 2 + u 3 + u 4 + + un +.... , , . , , .. .
x
C 0 + C 1 x + C 2 x 2 +... Cnxn +... = , (7.18)
C 0, C 1,... Cn,... x .
x = x 0 , x 0 (7.18). .
(7.18) , , x =0.
(7.18) x 0 ,
½ C 0½+ ½ C 1x0½ + ½ C 2 x 02½+... ½ Cnx 0 n ½+.... (7.19)
(7.18),
. (7.19) ,
, (4.54)
.
(7.20)
. ½ x ½< R - R < x < R, .
|
|
= .
, .. x = R x = - R.
.
. (7.20),
½ x ½< 2. x =2. ,
.
, . , .
.
1 + x + 22 x 2 + 33 x 3 +... + nnxn +... = 1 + .
. (7.20)
.
, x =0.
. :
.
.
x, .. -¥< x <¥.