= -lg | ||
HNO2 | 5,1∙10-4 | 3,29 |
() NH2CH2COOH | 1,7∙10-10 | 9,78 |
α- (α-) CH3CH(NH2)COOH | 1,35∙10-10 | 9,87 |
686 | 9,1∙10-5 | 4,04 |
65 | 6,31∙10-5 | 4,20 |
33 | 5,8∙10-10 | 9,24 |
HOBr | 2,1∙10-9 | 8,68 |
646 | 9,12∙10-4 4,3∙10-5 | 3,04 4,37 |
1,82∙10-16 | 15,74 | |
6127 | 1,38∙10-4 | 3,86 |
C5H7O4NH2 | 4,7∙10-5 1,2∙10-10 | 4,33 9,92 |
HHb | 6,31∙10-9 | 8,20 |
HHbO2 | 1,12∙10-7 | 6,95 |
12 | 5,0∙10-2 | 1,30 |
1,8∙10-4 | 3,74 | |
22 | 2,0∙10-12 | 11,70 |
32 | 1,35 ∙10-5 | 4,87 |
HSCN | 1,4 ∙10-1 | 0,85 |
64() | 1,1 ∙10-3 | 2,97 |
H2SeO3 | 3,5 ∙10-3 5,0 ∙10-8 | 2,46 7,30 |
H2Se | 3,0 ∙10-4 1,0 ∙10-11 | 3,89 11,00 |
H2SO4 | - 1,2 ∙10-2 | - 1,92 |
H2SO3 | 1,6 ∙10-2 6,3 ∙10-8 | 1,76 7,21 |
. 3
= -lg | ||
H2S | 6,0 ∙10-8 1,3 ∙10-13 | 7,22 12,90 |
HCN | 6,2 ∙10-10 | 9,21 |
13 | 2,0 ∙10-1 | 0,70 |
23 | 4,5 ∙10-7 4,7 ∙10-11 | 6,35 10,33 |
3 | 1,8 ∙10-5 | 4,75 |
65 | 1,3 ∙10-10 | 9,90 |
() 34 | 7,5 ∙10-3 6,3 ∙10-8 1,3 ∙10-12 | 2,12 7,20 11,89 |
HF | 6,6 ∙10-4 | 3,17 |
21 | 1,4 ∙10-3 | 2,85 |
224 | 5,4 ∙10-2 5,4 ∙10-5 | 1,27 4,27 |
25 | < 10-15 | > 15 |
(2) | 6,9 ∙10-5 3,3 ∙10-6 | 4,19 5,48 |
NH4+ | 5,75 ∙10-10 | 9,24 |
CH3NH3+ | 2,19 ∙10-11 | 10,66 |
C6H5NH3+ | 2,3 ∙10-5 | 4,63 |
C5H5NH+ | 5,6 ∙10-6 | 5,25 |
3+ | 54,94 | -1.74 |
4
7,35-7,45 | -
|
5,6
| |
7,26-7,36 | |||
7,35-7,45 | 8,0 | ||
7,35-7,45 | 2,6-4,4 | ||
7,4 | 4,3 | ||
8,0 | |||
6,35-6,85 | 7,0-8,0 | ||
. | 0,9 | ||
7,5-8,0 | |||
7,4-8,5 | 4,8-7,5 | ||
5,4-6,9 | 7,0-7,5 | ||
( ) | 6,2-7,5 | 7,4 | |
( ) | 6,2-7,5 | 6,6-6,9 | |
6,4-6,5 | 6,7-6,9 | ||
7,1-7,4 |
|
|
5
(25)
Al(OH)3 | 5,1·10-33 | Ca3(PO4)2 | 3,5·10-33 |
AgCl | 1,6·10-10 | Fe(OH)3 | 3,8·10-38 |
AgBr | 7,7·10-13 | Fe(OH)2 | 1,65·10-15 |
AgCN | 1,4·10-16 | FeS | 3,7·10-19 |
AgI | 1,5·10-16 | MgCO3 | 1,0·10-5 |
Ag2S | 3,9·10-50 | MnS | 1,4·10-15 |
Ag2SO4 | 1,510-9 | ||
Ag2CrO4 | 1,1·10-12 | Mn(OH)2 | 4,0·10-14 |
BaCrO4 | 2,3·10-10 | Ni(OH)2 | 1,6·10-14 |
BaSO4 | 1,1·10-10 | NiCO3 | 1,4·10-7 |
3 | 8,1·10-9 | NiS | 3,0·10-21 |
Bi(OH)3 | 4,3·10-31 | Pb(OH)2 | 2,0·10-16 |
Bi2S3 | 1,6·10-72 | PbCl2 | 2,4·10-4 |
Cr(OH)3 | 6,7·10-31 | PbI2 | 8,7·10-9 |
()2 | 6,0·10-16 | PbCrO4 | 1,8·10-14 |
CoS | 3,1·10-23 | PbCO3 | 3,3·10-14 |
3 | 1,45·10-13 | PbSO4 | 1,0·10-8 |
CdS | 1,2·1028 | PbS | 1,1·10-29 |
CuS | 4,0·10-38 | Sb2S3 | 1,0·10-30 |
Cu2S | 2,5·10-50 | Sn(OH)2 | 5,0·10-26 |
CaF2 | 4,0·10-7 | Sr(OH)2 | 3,2·10-4 |
()2 | 5,47·10-6 | SrSO4 | 3,2·10-7 |
CaCO3 | 4,8·10-9 | Zn(OH)2 | 1,3·10-17 |
CaSO4 | 6,1·10-5 | ZnS | 7,4·10-27 |
24 | 2,3·10-9 | ZnCO3 | 2,7·10-8 |
Ca5(PO4)3 | 1,6·10-58 | HgS | 4,0·10-53 |
6
() | |
7,40 | |
7,63 | |
6,86 | |
10,80 |
7
- | t. | . ∙∙- | t., | , ∙∙- | |
36 | 1,50 | ||||
66 | 5,45 | 5,07 | 80,2 | 2,57 | |
2 | 0,00 | 1,86 | 100,0 | 0,52 | |
25-- -25 | -177,0 | 1,79 | 34,6 | 2,02 | |
1010 | 178,4 | 39,8 | 204,0 | 6,09 | |
108 | 6,98 | 5,65 | |||
. | H2SO4 | 0,15 | |||
3 | 16,64 | 3,9 | 117,8 | 3,10 | |
13 | 4,68 | 3,88 | |||
25 | -114,0 | 78,0 | 1,15 |
8
(f)
, J | |||||||||
0,0005 | 0,001 | 0,01 | 0,02 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,3 | 0,5 | 0,1 | |
H+ | 0,98 | 0,97 | 0,91 | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,81 | 0,80 | 0,79 | 0,85 |
NH4+,Ag+, K+,Li+, Cl-Br-,I-, NO2-, NO3- | 0,98 | 0,96 | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,75 | 0,67 | 0,62 | 0,55 | 0,44 |
OH-,F-, ClO4- | 0,98 | 0,96 | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,76 | 0,68 | 0,63 | 0,56 | 0,46 |
Na+, H2PO4- | 0,98 | 0,96 | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,77 | 0,73 | 0,70 | 0,67 | 0,63 |
Pb2+, SO42-,S2O3-, CrO42-, CO32-, SO32-, HPO42- | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,66 | 0,62 | 0,36 | 0,29 | 0,25 | 0,22 | 0,18 |
Sr2+,Ba2+, Hg2+,S2- | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,67 | 0,63 | 0,38 | 0,30 | 0,26 | 0,24 | 0,20 |
Ca2+,Cu2+,Zn2+, Fe2+ | 0,90 | 0,87 | 0,68 | 0,64 | 0,41 | 0,33 | 0,28 | 0,25 | 0,21 |
Mg2+,Be2+ | 0,91 | 0,87 | 0,69 | 0,65 | 0,45 | 0,37 | 0,34 | 0,28 | 0,23 |
PO43- | 0,80 | 0,73 | 0,40 | 0,10 | |||||
Al3+,Fe3+,Cr3+ | 0,80 | 0,74 | 0,45 | 0,18 |
9
|
|
Mg2+ | Ca2+ | Mn2+ | Fe2+ | Co2+ | Ni2+ | Cu2+ | Zn2+ | |
3,5410-7 | 4,1710-2 (*) | 3,6310-4 (*) | 1,5810-8 | 5,6210-10 | 2,6910-11 | 2,5710-16 | 1,1010-10 | |
> 10-4 (*) | - | 7,9410-5 (*) | 1,710-12 | 1,2610-17 | 5,0110-20 | - | 2,0010-19 | |
- | ~ 0,32(*) | - | 10-7 | 10-7 | - | 2,8810-15 | - | |
3,7210-5 (*) | 2,5110-2 (*) | 1,8210-4 (*) | - | 6,6110-11 | 4,0710-13 | 4,4710-16 | 7,0810-11 | |
- | - | 1,8210-8 | 5,0110-10 | 1,3810-14 | 1,2610-16 | 4,6810-19 | 1,3210-13 | |
- | - | 10-2 (*) | 3,1610-5 (*) | 1,5810-7 | 1,5810-9 | 2,010-14 | 2,5110-8 | |
1,2610-2 (*) | 8,9110-3 (*) | 5,0110-4 (*) | 2,5110-5 (*) | 3,4710-9 | 4,5710-11 | 3,9810-15 | 3,4710-10 | |
~ 10-4 | - | ~3,210-5 | 3,1610-7 | 7,4110-9 | 2,5110-11 | 1,2610-15 | 2,010-9 | |
8,710-2 (*) | 5,7510-2 (*) | 7,0810-3 | - | 1,3210-6 | - | 2,1910-12 | 2,6910-7 | |
- | - | - | 3,8910-2 (*) | - | 2,5710-6 | - | 2,7510-11 | 4,7910-7 |
> 10-4 | - | 3,1610-6 | 5,0110-9 | 5,0110-10 | - | 1,5810-17 | 6,3110-11 |
: 1-2; (*) 1 ( 1- )
10
(25)
n+ | n+ | ||||
Ag+ | NH3 | K1-2 = 5,910-8 | Ag+ | NO2 | K1-2 = 1,510-3 |
Cd2+ | NH3 | K1-4 = 2,810-7 | Cd2+ | NO2 | K1-3 = 1,510-4 |
Co2+ | NH3 | K1-4 = 8,510-6 | Al3+ | C2O42- | K1-3 = 5,010-17 |
Co2+ | NH3 | K1-6 = 4,110-5 | Cr3+ | C2O42- | K1-3 = 3,610-16 |
Co3+ | NH3 | K1-6 = 6,210-36 | Fe3+ | C2O42- | K1-3 = 6,310-21 |
Cu2+ | NH3 | K1-4 = 1,110-12 | Mn3+ | C2O42- | K1-3 = 3,810-20 |
Hg2+ | NH3 | K1-4 = 5,010-20 | Co2+ | - | K1-2 = 3,810-12 |
Ni2+ | NH3 | K1-4 = 3,410-8 | Ni2+ | - | K1-2 = 1,810-12 |
Zn2+ | NH3 | K1-4 = 8,310-12 | Cu2+ | - | K1-2 = 2,010-21 |
Bi3+ | Br- | K1-6 = 3,010-10 | Fe3+ | - | K1-3 = 5,410-37 |
Hg2+ | Br- | K1-4 = 1,010-21 | Ca2+ | - | K1-2 = 9,810-10 |
Pt2+ | Br- | K1-4 = 3,210-21 | Fe3+ | - | K1-2 = 1,410-12 |
Bi3+ | Cl- | K1-6 = 3,810-7 | Ca2+ | - | K1 = 2,110-5 |
Pt2+ | Cl- | K1-4 = 1,010-16 | Mg2+ | - | K1 = 1,110-4 |
Bi3+ | I- | K1-6 =7,9810-20 | Cu2+ | - | K1 = 1,310-6 |
Hg2+ | I- | K1-4 = 1,510-30 | Hg2+ | - | K1 = 1,310-11 |
Pb2+ | I- | K1-4 = 1,210-4 | Al3+ | 4- | K1 = 3,210-17 |
Ag+ | CN- | K1-2 = 1,410-20 | Ba2+ | 4- | K1 = 1,710-8 |
Au2+ | CN- | K1-2 = 5,010-30 | Bi3+ | 4- | K1 = 4,010-28 |
Cd2+ | CN- | K1-4 = 7,810-18 | Ca2+ | 4- | K1 = 2,610-11 |
Co2+ | CN- | K1-6 = 8,110-20 | Cd2+ | 4- | K1 = 3,510-17 |
Co3+ | CN- | K1-6 = 1,010-64 | Co2+ | 4- | K1 = 4,910-17 |
Cu+ | CN- | K1-4 = 2,010-30 | Co3+ | 4- | K1 = 2,510-41 |
Fe2+ | CN- | K1-6 = 1,310-37 | Cr3+ | 4- | K1 = 4,010-21 |
Fe3+ | CN- | K1-6 = 1,310-44 | Cu2+ | 4- | K1 = 1,610-19 |
Ni2+ | CN- | K1-4 = 1,010-31 | Fe2+ | 4- | K1 = 6,310-15 |
Zn2+ | CN- | K1-4 = 2,410-20 | Fe3+ | 4- | K1 = 5,910-25 |
Al3+ | F | K1-6 = 2,110-21 | Hg2+ | 4- | K1 = 1,610-22 |
Fe3+ | F | K1-6 = 7,910-17 | Mg2+ | 4- | K1 = 7,610-10 |
Ag+ | SCN | K1-2 = 5,910-9 | Mn2+ | 4- | K1 = 9,110-15 |
Bi3+ | SCN | K1-6 = 5,910-5 | Pb2+ | 4- | K1 = 9,110-19 |
Co2+ | SCN | K1-3 = 1,610-2 | Tl+ | 4- | K1 = 2,910-7 |
. 10
|
|
n+ | n+ | ||||
Cu2+ | SCN | K1-3 = 3,010-7 | Tl3+ | 4- | K1 = 1,610-38 |
Fe3+ | SCN | K1-6 = 5,910-4 | Zn2+ | 4- | K1 = 5,510-17 |
Hg2+ | SCN | K1-4 = 6,310-22 | Mg2+ | - | K1-2 = 3,510-7 |
Ag+ | S2O32 | K1-3 = 7,110-15 | Ca2+ | - | K1 = 4,210-2 |
Cd2+ | S2O32 | K1-3 = 6,310-9 | Mn2+ | - | K1 = 3,610-4 |
Cu+ | S2O32 | K1-3 = 1,910-14 | Fe2+ | - | K1-2 = 1,610-8 |
Pb2+ | S2O32 | K1-4 = 6,310-8 | Co2+ | - | K1-2 = 5,610-10 |
Hg2+ | S2O32 | K1-4 = 2,410-34 | Ni2+ | - | K1-2 = 2,710-11 |
Ag+ | SO32 | K1-3 = 1,010-9 | Cu2+ | - | K1-2 = 2,610-16 |
Cu+ | SO32 | K1-3 = 4,410-10 | Zn2+ | - | K1-2 = 1,110-10 |
Hg2+ | SO32 | K1-3 = 1,110-25 | Zn2+ | - | K1-2 = 2,010-19 |
11