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Past Simple versus Present Perfect

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Past Simple

Present Perfect

complete action which happened at a time in the past: e.g. She left yesterday. (When did she leave? Yesterday.)

complete action which happened at a time in the past e.g. Don has left for Madrid. (We don't know when he left; unstated time; he's now there or on his way there.)

past action which is and happened at a definite past time not mentioned e.g. I met John Lennon. (I won't meet him again; he's dead. – period of time finished)

past action which is and happened at a definite past time not mentioned I' ve spoken to Richard Gere. (I may speak to him again; he's alive. – period of time not finished yet)

9.5 Find and underline examples of the present perfect:

Interviewer: I’m here today with Ozlem Turel, an ELT teacher who’s written a blog on teaching English. Welcome, Ozlem.

Ozlem: Thank you!

Interviewer: So, how long have you been a teacher, Ozlem?

Ozlem: For about six years now. I graduated in 2004 and then I started teaching.

Interviewer: OK, and do you teach only English or other subjects too?

Ozlem: I’ve only ever taught English.

Interviewer: How long have you had your current job?

Ozlem: For the last five years.

Interviewer: And how many different schools have you taught in?

Ozlem: I’ve taught in two different schools. I worked for two years in a primary school and now I work in a kindergarten.

Interviewer: What age groups have you taught and which is your favourite?

Ozlem: I’ve taught kindergarten, first, second and third grade, and also eighth grade students, and my favourite is kindergarten.

Interviewer: have you ever thought about changing your job?

Ozlem: No, never. I like it.

Interviewer: And what’s the best thing about being a teacher?

Ozlem: Well, I love to be surrounded by kids. And a teacher is always a student. You never stop learning. It’s my passion and I was born to do it.

Interviewer: OK, thank you for talking to us today, Ozlem.

Ozlem: You are welcome!

Grammar Quiz

Work in groups and circle the correct answers:

1. a) Ozlem worked for two years in a primary school.

q Does she work there now? Yes / No

q What tense is the verb? Past Simple / Present Perfect

b) Ozlem has been a teacher for six years.

q Is she a teacher now? Yes / No

q What tense is the verb? Past Simple / Present Perfect

c) Circle the correct tense for the following rules:

q We use the Past Simple / Present Perfect when we talk about an action that happened in the past and is now finished.

q We use the Past Simple / Present Perfect for an action that started in the past and continues to the present.

2. a) Ozlem has taught fist and second grade.

q Do we know exactly when? Yes / No

q What tense is the verb? Past Simple / Present Perfect

b) I taught first grade in 2005.

q Do we know exactly when? Yes / No

q What tense is the verb? Past Simple / Present Perfect

c) Circle the correct tense for the following rules:

q We use the Past Simple / Present Perfect when we talk about something that happened at a specific time in the past.

q We often use the Past Simple / Present Perfect to talk about past experiences, when we don’t mention a specific time.

3. a) Pierre’s just come home from work.

q Is Pierre at home now? Yes / No

q When did he arrive there? A long time ago / A short time ago

b) Pierre hasn’t come home from work yet.

q Is Pierre at home now? Yes / No

q Do I expect him to come home? Yes /No

c) Which of the following sentences are correct?

q I’ve finished yet. / I’ve just finished. / I haven’t finished yet. / have you finished yet?

4. a) My dad’s gone to the doctor.

q Where is my dad? Here / At the doctor’s

b) My dad’s been to the doctor.

q Where is my dad? Here / At the doctor’s

c) Your husband arrives late home.

q What do you say? “Where have you been?” / “Where have you gone?”

5. a) Ozlem has had her current job for the last five years.

q Complete the sentence:

Ozlem has had her current job since __________.

b) Circle the correct variant for the following rules:

q We use for / since when we describe a length of time.

q We use for / since when we describe a time from a point in the past to now.

q We can use “for” with the past simple / present perfect / both.

q We can use “since” with the past simple / present perfect / both.

9.7 Read the text about climate change. Choose the correct form, A or B, to complete the sentence:

At the moment, scientists agree that the world's climate 1) B warmer over the past 50 years, but they disagree about the causes. Some believe that human activities 2) ___ climate change. They argue that for 1,000 or 2,000 years before 1850, when records 3) ___, the temperature was more or less stable. Short warm or cold periods 4) ___ during that time, but the climate always 5) ___ to the same level. However, since the Industrial Revolution, human beings 6) ___ more and more fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. In 1800 the atmosphere 7) ___ around 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide (CO2). Since then there 8) ___ an increase of about 3 l%. This extra carbon dioxide 9) ___ the world's temperature because of the greenhouse effect.

Other scientists disagree that human activities over the past 50 years 10) ___ global warming. They point out that volcanoes and other
natural processes 11) ___ CO2 into the atmosphere, and that human activity 12) ___ a rise in CO2 of only three per cent.

In 1999, 156 countries 13) ___ the Kyoto protocol, part of a United Nations agreement on climate change, which 14) ___ into force in 2005.They 15) ___ to reduce their emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, although so far, some countries, such as the USA and Australia, 16) ___ any action.

1. A became B ~~has become~~

2. A caused B have caused

3. A began B have begun

4. A occurred B have occurred

5. A returned B has returned

6. A burned B have burned

7. A contained B has contained

8. A was B has been

9. A raised B has raised

10. A caused B have caused

11. A always released B have always released

12. A contributed B has contributed