1. I'm not working tomorrow, so I _________ early.
2. The car park is free you _________ to park your car there.
3. I went to the bank this morning. There was no queue, so I _________.
4. Sally is extremely rich. She _________.
5. We've got plenty of time. We _________ yet.
6.Jack has got a beard, so he _________.
7. I'm not particularly busy. I've got a few things to do but I _________ them now.
8. A man was slightly injured in the accident but he _________ to hospital.
7.3 Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't:
1. We haven't got much time. We ____ hurry.
2. We've got plenty of time. We ____ hurry.
3. We have enough food at home so we ____ go shopping today.
4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I ____ remember to post it.
5. Jim gave me a letter to post. I ____ forget to post it.
6. There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ____ decide now.
7...................... You ____ wash those tomatoes. They've already been washed.
8............................................... This is a valuable book. You ____ look after it carefully and you ____ lose it.
9....................................................................................... 'What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?' 'Well, it ____ be big - that's not important. But it ____ have a nice garden that's essential.'
7.4 Make sentences, using must not or do not need to:
| In rugby football In tennis In chess In boxing In athletics In hockey In baseball In football In bridge | touch the ball with your hands. lift your stick above your shoulder. hit your opponent below the belt. pass the ball forwards. look at other people's cards. touch a piece if you aren't going to move it. start before the gun. hit the ball before it bounces. hit the ball after its second bounce. throw the bat. |
Typical behaviour
We can use will to talk about habits and typical behaviour. e.g. She ll sit talking to herself for hours. If we stress will , it can sound critical. e.g. She will fall in love with the wrong people. Would is used to talk about the past. On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
8.1 Complete the sentences with will/would + one of the verbs:
Be drive fall keep listen make play ring
Take talk tell
1. 'Dad, I've broken my watch.' 'Well, you _____ ____ playing with it.'
2. On Sundays when we were kids, Mother _____ ____ us pancakes for breakfast.
3. He's no trouble he _____ ____ by himself for hours.
4. She's nice, but she_____ ____about people behind their backs.
4. People _____ ____ to you if you listen to them.
5. We lived by a lake, and sometimes Dad ____ _____ us fishing.
6. I'm not surprised you had an accident you _____ ____ too fast.
7. If you drop toast, it ____ butter side down every time.
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8. If you're having a bath, the phone ____. And if you answer it, it _____ ____ a wrong number.
9. He _____ ____ you one thing one minute and the opposite the next he's crazy.
8.2 Here are some laws of nature. Join the beginnings and the ends:
| Beginnings | Ends |
| After you have bought something, If anything can go wrong, If there are two good TV shows, If you explain so clearly that nobody can misunderstand, If you throw something away, No matter how much you do, The one who snores The other queue | it will. somebody will. they will both be on at the same time will always move faster. will fall asleep first. you will find it somewhere else cheaper. you'll need it the next day. you'll never do enough. |
Revision
9.1 Write the sentences, choosing one of the modals:
1. We are leaving tonight, so you (should/must) buy a ticket for the flight.
2. (May/Might) I come in?
3. David (can/could) cook well when he wants to.
4. 'Do you think it (can/might) rain?' 'Yes, possibly. We don't want to get wet so I think we (should/must) take our raincoats.'
5. Jenny tried to carry him but she (can't/couldn't).
6. We (can/might) visit my cousin in Australia next year but we don't know yet.
7. In many countries, you (should/must) wear a seat belt in the car - it's the law.
8. (Can/May) you hold this for me, please?
9. I know they enjoy their work but they (shouldn't/mustn't) work at the weekends. It's not good for them. I think they (should/must) spend time at home with their families.
10. The letter (can/may) arrive tomorrow.
9.2 Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, should or must in the positive or negative form:
1. Richard's only three but he _________ swim very well.
2. You've had that headache for two days. I think you _________ go to the doctor.
3. I don't think we _________ go to the beach because it _________ rain this afternoon.
4. I lived in Germany as a child so I _________ speak German then but I _________ speak it now.
5. You _________ remember to take your passport tomorrow.
6. _________ you close the door, please?
7. We _________ move house next year but we're not sure yet.
8. Passengers _________ smoke when the plane is taking off.
9. I think you _________ play tennis with Sally she _________ play really well.
10. 'Do you think I _________ learn some Portuguese before I go to Brazil?' 'Yes, that would be a good idea.'
9.3 Identify the function of the modal verbs:
(im)possibility - offer - advice - necessity - giving/refusing permission - ability in the past -absence of necessity - obligation - request - polite request - (im)probability prohibition
1. This must be Jack's house.
2. It can't be 7 o'clock already!
3. Shall I open the door for you?
4. You should buy a new car.
5. You cant leave before 12 oclock!
6. Could I ask you a question?
7. There might be some apple pie left.
8. We ve got to run to catch the bus.
9. Can you pass me the salt, please?
10. I must go to the dentists.
11. You can leave your coat here.
12. You mustnt tell anyone what happened.
13. He could play the piano when he was young.
14. She neednt wait for us.
15. Neil may not remember my phone number.
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9.4 Rewrite the sentences using the words given in bold type:
1. It isn't necessary to buy a ticket. need You dont need to buy a ticket.
2. It's not possible for you to eat so much. cant
3. I advise him to be more careful. should
4. Do you want me to open the window? shall
5. I think that's John's car. must
6. It's just possible she's still at work. could
7. I don't think he is her brother. cant
8. Do you want me to help you with that? would
9. He couldn't swim when he was five. able
10. I don't think she is the woman who spoke to me. cant
9.5a) Complete the grammar box. Put the phrases a-d in the gaps 1-4:
a) This was necessary.
b) This wasnt necessary.
c) This was possible.
d) This wasnt possible.
| We use modal verbs to ask and talk about obligation and possibility in the past. We do not usually use must or mustnt when we are talking about the past. Could + infinitive You could leave school at sixteen. (1) ________________________________________ Couldnt + infinitive She couldnt leave me at home (2) ________________________________________ Had to + infinitive I had to go to the market with her. (3) ________________________________________ Didnt have to + infinitive I didnt have to go to the market. (4) ________________________________________ |
9.5 b) Complete the text with had to, didnt have to, could or couldnt:
My twin brother and I are the oldest in a family of seven. When I was a teenager, I _______ look after my brothers and sisters until my parents came home from work. My brother was really lucky because he was a boy, he _______ do anything. I _______ see my friends or go out because I _______ do my homework when my parents got home. I wanted to go to college, but I _______ get a place because I did badly in my exams. I got a job where I _______ work in the evenings, so I _______ go to evening school. For ten years I _______ work and study really hard, but finally I got the qualification that I wanted and became a teacher.
9.5 c) Think about when you were a child. Complete each sentence in three different ways:
I had to I could
I didnt have to I couldnt
