I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
systemic and local conditions, abnormal, anatomical form, histological structure [histqlOGikql], hyperplasia [,hQipqpleiziq], hypoplasia [,hQipoupleiziq], syphilitic stigma [,sifilitik stigmq], gestation [Gesteisqn], proportional [prqpLSqnql], gigantism [GQigqentizm], megadontism [,megqdOntizm], microdontism [,mQikrqdOntizm], etiological classification [,JTIqlOGilql], malnutrition [,mqelnjutrisqn], postnatal [poustneitl], in utero [in jHtqrq]
II. Learn the following words:
instance [instqns] - ,
to appear [qpiq] -
to involve [invOlv] - ,
to distinguish [distiNgviS] -
frequent [frJkwqnt] - ,
entire [intQiq] - ,
hereditary [hireditqri] -
congenital [kqnGenitl] -
to transmit [trqenzmit] -
germination [,GemineiSqn] -
fusion [fjHZqn] -
concrescence [kOnkresqns] -
dens in dente -
reverse [rivWs] - ,
dwarfed [dwLft] -
in spite of -
dimension [dimenSqn] - ,
III. Read the words, define the part of speech and translate them:
systemic, condition, structure, deciduous, appearance, abnormality, frequently, development, separately, concrescence, disproportional, perfectly, disturbance, visible, knowledge, evaluate, childhood
IV. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the adjectives in different degrees of comparison.
1. The jaw bones consist of a dense outer layer known as compact bone and a softer interior called spongy bone.
2. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body.
3. The upper crowns are much wider then their lower counterparts.
4. Tooth decay or caries is known to be probably the commonest disease of civilization.
5. A much more important result of this pressure is compression of the blood vessels passing through the tiny apical foramen.
6. Plague seems to build up faster and in larger amounts as we get older.
7. This makes it easier for the dentist to repair the damage.
8. The best that can be achieved is the removal of all carious enamel and dentine and replacement by a filling.
9. As soon as the permanent teeth are ready to erupt the deciduous teeth are lost.
10. Dentistry became a medical profession as long as 100 years ago.
11. Now dental disease and practice of dentistry are associated with mortality no longer.
12. When educating people dental health message should include at least four simple pieces of advice.
13. Every tooth consists of a crown, a neck and one or more roots.
14. The longer the carbohydrate stays on the teeth, the longer the duration of acid production.
15. The more bone tissue is destroyed, the more is tooth mobility.
V. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
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1. Both systemic and local conditions may affect the form and structure of the developing teeth.
2. Speaking about the oral structure one can use either the word gum or the Latin term gingiva.
3. The general dental services cover the ordinary routine of both reparative and restorative requirements.
4. Both caries and periodontal disease are the examples of either generative or chronic diseases of long standing.
5. The patients can make a choice between either state-founded or private dentistry for any dentist.
6. This drug can neither cure caries nor make the lost tooth structure grow again.
7. The patient does not have wisdom teeth either in the maxilla or in the mandible.
8. Pulp death leads eventually to an acute alveolar abscess, either directly or via a chronic abscess.
9. When the vital pulp is exposed either a root filling or pulpotomy is necessary to conserve the tooth.
