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XI. Do you know that:
-One of the first known professional dentists was an Egyptian named Hesi-Re who lived around 3000 BC. His tomb included the inscription the greatest of those who dealt with teeth.
- Until the middle of the 19th century most dental operations were performed by
traveling tooth drawers and barbers.
- The word dentist appeared in the English language in the late 1750s. It is of
French origin. Before that dental professionals were called operators for the teeth.
- In the 17th century Pierre Fauchard who is called The Father of Modern Dentistry developed the idea for dental fillings and helped to explain that acids from sugar are a major source of tooth decay.
- William Addis invented a toothbrush of modern design in 1780.
- In 1885 the first toothbrush was mass produced in America by H.N.Wadsworth. The first real electric toothbrush was produced in 1939 but it was developed in Switzerland.
- In 1873 Colgate produced the first toothpaste in a jar.
- James Snell designed the first reclining dental chair in 1831.
- 1839 was a very special year in the history of dentistry in 1839 the first dental
school, the first dental journal and the first dental society were founded. They were the Baltimore School of Dental Surgery, the American Journal of Dental Science and the American Society of Dental Surgeons.
- Edward H. Angle created a simple classification for crooked teeth in the late 1800s and that system is still used today. He also started the first school of orthodontics in 1901.
- The first woman to qualify as a dentist was Lucy B. Hobbs. It happened in 1866 in Ohio, USA.
- Novocain was originally invented around 1905 to be a quick acting anesthesia to use on soldiers during war time and it was picked up for dental use.
- Invisalign braces were first made public in May 2000.
XII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
Text B. Avicenna
One of the greatest Islamic physicians abu-Ali al-Husayn ibn-Sina whom we call Avicenna (born in 980) composed an encyclopedia of all the sciences except mathematics. Of all his works the most famous is The Canon. Probably the best known medical text of all times it brought him the title Prince of doctors.
Concerning dental treatment Avicenna stressed the importance of keeping the teeth clean, he discussed teething and the causes of toothache. The use of arsenic for fistulas and ulcers of the gum is among the many subjects discussed by Avicenna.
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One of the most important sections of The Canon deals with the treatment of fractures of the jaw. Avicenna stressed that it was important to determine if a fracture was correctly reduced. This could best be done by observing whether the teeth were brought into proper occlusion after the reduction. He advised putting a dressing around the jaw, head and neck and a light splint along the teeth. It formed the basis for treatment by the surgeons of the later ages.
Lesson 2
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An Introduction to Dentistry
I. Case analyses.
1. Find in the texts of lesson 1 Some Facts from History of Dentistry, Avicenna and write down the names of the greatest scientists who made the chief advances in the field of dentistry. Name these advances.
2. Using sources from Internet find short additional information about the history of dentistry. Let your information start with the words:
Do you know that
3. Discuss the tendencies of the development of dentistry:
a. in ancient times b. in the Middle Ages c. in the 18th and 19th centuries
