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<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>: , . , , , , .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p> <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Force fild</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: purple"> </SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>)<SPAN style="COLOR: purple"> - </SPAN> . (MM+, AMBER, BIO+, OPLS), .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p> MM+ . , , , , , . , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Options</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>.

AMBER . , , . , , .

BIO+ AMBER.

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p> OPLS . AMBER, .

<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> MM+ Options<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

+ .

<o:p></o:p>

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Electrostatics</SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN>) .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Bond dipoles</SPAN> . MM+.

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Atomic charges</SPAN> . () <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Build</SPAN>, <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Set Charge</SPAN> ab initio , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Cutoffs</SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN>) .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Switched</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> Periodic Box</SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>). , . HyperChem <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Switched</SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Inner</SPAN>) (<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Outer</SPAN>) (<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Spheres</SPAN>).

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">None</SPAN>. .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Shifted</SPAN> , 0 . 0.

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Outer radius</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Switched</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Shifted</SPAN> , 0. 4 , . .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Inner radius</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Switched cutoffs</SPAN>. . 4 , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>, , 0. , <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Cutoffs</SPAN> , .

<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> (Force Field Options Dialog Box)<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

AMBER, BIO+ OPLS. HyperChem , <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Cutoffs</SPAN>, <SPAN style="COLOR: green">Registry</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: green">chem..ini</SPAN> .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Dielectric permittivity (epsilon)</SPAN> <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>).<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Constant</SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN> ) <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Distance dependent</SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN> ) , , ( ).

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Constant</SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN> ). <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN>. , , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Distance dependent </SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN> ). . . OPLS. , , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Constant</SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">epsilon</SPAN>)=( ) * ( (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Scale factor</SPAN>)). <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Distance dependent</SPAN> (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">epsilon</SPAN>)=( ) * ( (<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Scale factor</SPAN>)) * ( ). >=1. 1, .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">14 Scale factor </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> 1-4</SPAN>) , , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> Electrostatic </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN>) , . 0 1. AMBER OPLS 0.5, BIO+ 1.0, 0.5 0.4 .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">V</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">an-der-Waals </SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">--</SPAN> ) -- , , 0 1. AMBER 0.5, OPLS 0.125, BIO+ - 1.0.

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Cutoffs</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN>) , . , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Periodic Box</SPAN>.

<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt">6.2.<o:p></o:p></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt">

(Semi-empirical)<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

HyperChem : , -, <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Setup</SPAN>.

<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Compute</SPAN>. . , : ; ; , . . , HyperChem , , .

HyperChem , , , INDO (Intermediate Neglecting of Differential Overlap) (. ) , .

HyperChem , . , , . , , , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Select</SPAN>, , <SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Setup</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> <SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">Compute</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>. </SPAN></SPAN> , , . (, , , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Select</SPAN>. , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Molecules</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: teal">L-</SPAN>, , <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Extend to sp3</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: blue">Select</SPAN>, , . HyperChem - , . .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

(Extended Huckel) () - . (SCF) <o:p></o:p>

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

CNDO (Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap, ) SCF. , .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

INDO (Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap, ) CNDO . , . SCF .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

MINDO3 (Modified INDO, version 3, INDO, 3) INDO. . , . SCF .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

MNDO MINDO3, . , 1- 2- ( ). . SCF .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

AM1 MNDO. . , 1 2 . , , MNDO, , , . , , . SCF.

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

PM3 AM1. PM3 AM1 . PM3 . , PM3 , AM1. PM3 , , . SCF.

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

ZINDO/1 INDO, , . INDO/1, . ZINDO/1 , .

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

ZINDO/S INDO, (CI) . , .

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. ( ).

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

, . , , , HyperChem . , , , . , . , , .

<SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>

<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>

<SPAN style="COLOR: #993300"> </SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #993300"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>

.

<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

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<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Total charge </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) . - .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">S</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">p</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">in multiplicity </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) 2S+1, S . , 1/2. () , 1. () () 2 3 . 1 6.

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Huckel constant </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) . 1.75. , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Unweightet constant </SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN> ) , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Weight diffuseness </SPAN> ( <SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN> ) , , , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">d</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">-orbitals on </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">d</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: navy">-</SPAN>) d - Si, P, S, Cl.

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Scale factor </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) (- -) ( . <SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">HyperChem</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> Computation Chemistry, Theory and Methods</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">).<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

<SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>

<SPAN style="COLOR: #993300"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>

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, ( ), .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">Charge and Spin<o:p></o:p></SPAN>

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> Total charge </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) . - .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> S</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: navy; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">p</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">in multiplicity </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) 2S+1, S . , &frac12;. () , 1. () () 2 3 . 1 6.<![if!supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p>

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy">State </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN>). .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> Lowest </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"></SPAN>) , .

<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> Next Lowest </SPAN>(<SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN>) , .





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