, ( = 0)
.
( = 0 -
) .
(). .
() 0 = 0 -
-. 0 > 0
, ( ).
, .
0
< 3
> 3
- hν > - hν - .
hν - ,
ν - , h ( ) = 4,1×10 -15 ∙ = [6,626×10 -34 ∙ ].
= 1,6 ×10 -19 ().
- . - . , .
.
. mn - , mp
: mp mn.
n p. , . .
1. () .
.
. ΔΕ = - . Δ << Δ. = 300 n () - .
|
|
2. . .
- .
.
D .
=3000 () .
N 1013 ¸1021 3. 1019 - 3 . , .
.
ni = pi = Ö N×N ×exp(- D kT).
n i = n = p 3 (1 3 ),
N, N - kT ,