| W = 4p | W − () | |
| = mJ | ( ×/) m () J (/) | |
a = 
| J (/) R () | |
| () | U= 
| U () q () |
| ʳ | W = 
| m () J (/) |
= 
| (); W (); t () | |
n = 
| n (-3) N V ᒺ (3) | |
| ʳ | N=  NA
| NA (-1); m (); μ (/) |
F= 
| F - ();
q - ();
r - ();
 - ;
0-  
| |
| ʳ , | Q = qm | q (/); m () |
| 䳿 | h= 
| () () |
r = 
| r - (× )
s ( )
| |
J = 
| (/) () m () | |
| - | J. = 
| |
| F=J sinα | e ()
J (/)
- ()
α  
|
Գ
| = 3× 108 / | |
| = 1,6 × 10-19 | |
| h = 6,626 × 10-34 / | |
| - | σ = 5,67 × 10-8 /24 |
| ³ | 1 = 2,9 × 10-3 × |
| ³ | 2 = 1,3 × 10-5 /(3 × 5) |
| г | R = 1,097 × 107 -1 |
 = 8,85 × 10-12 /
| |
| N = 6,02 × 1023 -1 | |
| k = 1,38 × 10-23 / | |
| m e = 9,1 × 10-31 | |
| 1 () | 1,6 × 10-19 |
| 1 (ʳ) | 3,7× 1010 |
| 1 (Å) | 10-10 |
| 1 (...) | 1,66 × 10-27 |
| 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15 | i | ||
| 101 102 103 106 109 1012 |
| , | |
| 760-620 | |
| 620-590 | |
| 590-560 | |
| 560-500 | |
| 500-480 | |
| 480-450 | |
| Գ | 450-380 |
|
|
|
| n | k | ||||
| 4 | - | α b- g - | |||
| 5 | L- | α b- g - | |||
| 6 | M- | α b- g - |
| 2760 | 5,3 | |
| 53J131 | 8 | |
| 84Po210 | 138 | |
| 86Rn222 | 3,8 | |
| 88Ra226 | 1620 |
