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:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

, , , .

:

= c1x1 + c2x2 +... + cnxn → max;  
a11x1 + a12x2 +... + a1nxn ≤ b1, a21x1 + a22x2 +... + a2nxn ≤ b2, ... am1x1 + am2x2 +... + amnxn ≤ bm;

 

(2.4)
xj ≥ 0,  

 

, (2.4), :

= b1y1 + b2y2 +... + bmym → min;  
a11y1 + a21y2 +... + am1ym ≥ c1, a12y1 + a22y2 +... + am2ym ≥ c2, ... a1ny1 + a2ny2 +... + amnym ≥ cn;

 

(2.5)
yi ≥ 0, .  

.

1. , - .

2. .

3. - ≤, , , - ≥.

4. , .

5. .

6. .

 

.

 

1. , , :

. (2.6)

, .

 

2 ( ). , , (2.5) (2.6) , :

(2.7)

, , , .

 

. bi :

(2.8)

. .

 

- . , .

.

() :

= 2x1 + 4x2 → max;  
4x1 + 6x2 ≤ 120, 2x1 + 6x2 ≤ 72, x2 ≤ 10;

 

 
x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0.  

.

= 120y1 + 72y2 + 10y3 → min;  
4y1 + 2y2 ≥ 2, 6y1 + 6y2 + y3 ≥ 4,

 

 
y1 ≥ 0, y2 ≥ 0, y3 ≥ 0.  

:

= (24, 4); = (1/3, 1/3, 0).

, 64.

 

.

 

1. . . , i- . , , .

( = 0), , .., , . , ( ) ( ) , ( = = 1/3).

, :

4ּ24 + 6ּ4 = 120, 2ּ24 + 6ּ4 = 72, 4 < 10.

, , , .

 

2. . - , , . . - .

, . .

() () $1/3. , , 12 - $4 (1/3ּ12).

 

3. . , . , , - , . (Δj) :

(2.9)

, Δj ≤ 0, , Δj > 0 .

. : . 3 , 4 1 . , , $3. ?

Δj (2.9):

Δj = 3ּ + 4ּ + 1ּ - 3 = 3ּ1/3 + 4ּ1/3 + 1ּ0 - 3 = -2/3,

Δj < 0, .

 

4. . , / , k- i- , ; , k- i- , , .

. , , , 1 - 1 -, .

 

, , ( , (2.6) (2.7)) , , .

.

 

1, 2, 3 4 I, II III. , , 1000, 600 150 .

( ) 2.12.

2.12 -

1 2 3 4
I          
II          
III          
    2,5    

, , , .

 

.

= 6x1 + 2x2 + 2,5x3 + 4x4 → max;  
5x1 + x2 + 2x4 ≤ 1000, 4x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + x4 ≤ 600, x1 + 2x3 + x4 ≤ 150;

 

 
x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0, x3 ≥ 0, x4 ≥ 0.  

( ):

= (0, 225, 0, 150); = 1050.

, .

= 1000y1 + 600y2 + 150y3 → min;  
5y1 + 4y2 + y3 ≥ 6, y1 + 2y2 ≥ 2, 2y2 + 2y3 ≥ 2,5, 2y1 + y2 + y3 ≥ 4.

 

 
y1 ≥ 0, y2 ≥ 0, y3 ≥ 0.  

, , :

5ּ0 + 225 + 2ּ150 < 1000, 4ּ0 + 2ּ225 + 2ּ0 + 150 = 600, 0 + 2ּ0 + 150 = 150.

, , : = 0.

. . > 0 > 0, ( (2.7)). , = 0, :

2y2 = 2, y2 + y3 = 4.

, : = 1, = 3.

:

= (0, 1, 3); = 1050.

 

 





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