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5




, , (. 9) ( , . 38].

, , , [] . ? , ?

, , , . (. 13) [ , . 40]. , , [ ] (. 15) [ , . 41].

. , [ ] (), , . . , , ; , . , , .

, , , , , , , .

(. 18) [ , . 4344].

, , , , .

, , . - , , ; . , (), , , (. 25, 27, 29, 30) [ , . 49, 50, 51].

, . . . , [14]. ( [ ] [ ] , , , , , , .)

, , , , , , (. 31) [ , . 52].

, , , , , , , .

, , , . - , , ... , , , (. 3435) [ , . 54].

, , , , . , . ( , , .)

[2) ]

, - , . , , , . , , , . , , . - , . , ... , , . , , , - , ... . , , , , , (. G. Wakefield. A View of the Art of Colonization. London, 1849, .169, 170), , , , . , , , , , , - , , , , ( , . 168). . (. 170). . , , , , )) [. 332]. ( , - ), . (. 338).

[ ]:

, . , , ; , , , , . , , , , , , (. 339).

( Art of Colonization .)

[3) ]

[VI3] , , , , . First Report f the Factory Commissioners [15] (Malthus. Principles of Political Economy. 2nd edition. London, 1836, . 269-270):

, 10000 . .

7 000 . .

500 . . 10 000 . .

350 . .

150 . . , ,

650 . . ( , 61/5% )

1650 . .

1100 . . , , ,

2750 . .

2600 , .

5350 . .

10000 . . 400000 - 6

15350 . .

16000 . . 363000

, , 2 600 . .; 1 650 . . (850 . . + 150 . . . . 1 000 . . + 650 . . ).

2 600: 1 650 == 100: 636/13, , 636/13%. : 850 . . , 150 . . [ . .] 650 . . , . . 1 650 . .; 15 350 . .; 10,7%.

167/70 , 155/13 , . , 200/13 [16].

650 . ., 4,2% [ 15 350 . .]. [ ] 1/6 [ ]. 4,2%; , 4%. 4% , 15 350 . . 5% 10 000 . . 5% 7 000 . .; 850 . . 5% 17000 . .

1) , ; 2) , . (, , . , , , .) , 15350 . . 850 . ., 14 500 . . 2600 . ., , 412/3 Է , 1/6 15350 . . 2 600, 25581/3 . .[17]; 14500 . ., 1/6.

, 14500 . . 16000 . ., . . 1 500 . ., 1010/29%; 10/29 10%. 1/6 100 162/3. , 100 . . [] 831/3 . . [ ], 162/3 . . , 10 . .; ( . .):

 

[ ]
831/3 162/      

 

10 . . 162/3, 50/3 . ., 60%. , , , 10% ( ) 17000 . ., 1/6 14500 . ., ( , ), 60%. , 621/2% , 371/2% . 625: 375, 5: 3. , , [] 50, 50, 20% , 10%; 50 + 50 + 10 = = 110; 10: 50 = 20: 100, 20%. , , 30 . .; , , , , 31/3 . ., 5%, .

, 1) , , ; 2) , . ., . , , , ; . . . , , , , , ; . . . 3) . ., , (, ), , [], , , [], . ( , , . .) , , , , ().

Principles of Political Economy (2nd edition, London, 1836) , , . . , , [ ], , , , , - .

, , , , , [ ] . , 100 110 , . . 10% . 75 , 25 , . . 3/4 [VI4] , 1/4 . 1/4 , . . 1/4 110 , 272/4, 271/2 . 25 , , 21/2 , . . 10%. : 3/4 , 75 , 3/4 821/2 ; . . 71/2 75 10%. , , , , 10% 100, 100 , 10%. 100 10, 2x50 5 . . , 100 10, 21/2 1/4 100 71/2 3/4 100, . 100 10, 1/4 100 3/4 100? . 1/4 100, , 10%. 10% 25 21/2. : 100 10 , 1/10, . . 10% . , . ., , .

, , , . 1/4 , , , , . [ ] 10 , , . 25 , 10 ; , 25: 10 = 100: 40; 40% , , , 40% . , : 100 10 , , 25, 21/2. , . , , . , , , :

, ; 100 . . . 110, 120 130 . .; , , . 110, , , 10/11 , 10%.

( - , 100 . ., . 100 10/11 110. , 100 10 , . . 1/10 100, , 110 1/11, .)

120, 10/12, 20%; 130, , , 10/13 s, 30%.

( : 100 10, : 10/11 110; , 20 100, l0/12 120 . . , , . , 100, 110, , 10 , , 110, , , 10/11 . , , .)

, , , . .

( , , , , , .)

, 1/4 (); 3/4 , , , . , 1/4 .

( , - , .) (, , 3/4 , . . , (10: 100), (110) .)

, , 2 000 . ., 1 500 , , . . 500 , 2 400 . . 400 2 000 . ., . . 20%. , 1/4 , . . 600 . ., , , (Principles of Political Economy, 2nd edition, London, 1836, . 267268).

( , 3/4 , . . 1 800 . ., , , . . 1500 . ., . 1 800: 1 500 = 18: 15 = 6: 5. 6: 5 , 1/5, . . 20%.)

( , : -, 100 10, 100 10, 10%; , 505, 2521/2 . .; 100 10 100 1/10, 1/10 , , , , , , , , , ; -, 100 10% , 110. 1/4 , . . 25, 5/22 110; , , 1/44 , , [].. - ; Î0 1/10 100, 1/11 110. , , , . .)

The Measure of Value stated and illustrated (London, 1823) , .

, , , (. 5).

, , . , , , , - ; . . , , . , , , [VI5] [ , ], , , . . , , , , , , , , 6 . 12 , 6 . 1/2 . , , 12- 12 , 12 , , , , .

, , , 24 . , , . . , , , , , , , . - , . , 12 24 , . 12 , 12 , 6 ( ).

, , . , ; , . , . ( ), . , , , , . , , , . , - , :





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