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23. 4




1896 . (The limitations of the comparative method of anthropology). , , . . . .

, , . , . , (1887) , (1887: 631). 1911 . ( ) , .

. , , , (, , , .) ( , , , . .) (, , , ) . , , , , , , , , , , , .

20- 30- . (1920), (1924) , , , , , . . - - , , - ? , , .

1911 . , . . , : - .

 

3. . , -, .

(Wissler, 1870 1947), -. (1917) . . 1906 . , , (1933) .

(, . .) (culture traits). (trait-complex). ( , , . .) . , , . , . : -, , . . .

. , . - , , . , , , (1933: 57). (1933: 23). : . , (1933: 129 130).

( ) , , , .

, , .

, , , (Kroeber, 1876 1960), . , , . , . 1917 . (, , ). 1930- , , (" - " trait-list approach). .

 

4. " ". , , ( -). : . .

(Max Uhle, 1856 1944, . 1) , , . , ø , , , . 1892 . . 1897 1901 . . 1901 . (), 1906 (), . , , ( ) 30 . 1933 ., , , , .

( ) ( ). , ( "" ).

(1920- ) .

" " , 1917 . 1928 . (" "). , ( "") , , (. 2 3).

. " " . . , ( , , ) : . , , .

(Manuel Gamio, 1883 - 1960), , . (Nels C. Nelson, 1875 - 1964), , .

, . 1911 . 20 60 . , .

(. 4) , . , ( 17 , 21). , , , , 26 , , . , , , , (Thomas 1979: 33 36).

, , 1913 . . - 1913 1915 . 1915 1916 . ( ) , .

. (Alfred Vincent Kidder, 1885 1963, . 5), . , , - , . , , . , , . (1915 - 1924); , ( ). : . , (. 6). . : Basketmakers ( ), Post-Basketmakers, -. .

5. . - , .

. , . , , , , : " " (Trigger 1994: 10). , (Clark 1976; Piggott 1958; Trigger 1989; Green 1980; McNairn 1980; Tringham 1983; Loré 1987; Sherratt 1989; Harris 1994). , , . , . . , (the man was his work).

? : (. 7 - 8) , . : , , . . . , , , , ?

, , , . .

 

6. . . (Vir Gordon Childe, 1892 1957) "", . , , . 15 , , , , . , , . (, . !) (. . ).

, . ( ) , . 1914 . 22- , , , , 1915 . . . , (, , ). : , , , , , , .

( ) , . 1916 . , 1917 . " ". .

1917 . 1918 . . . , , , , , . - . , 1919 . , 1920 . - , , -. , 1921 . , .

. , , ( , ). 1923 . , " " (How Labour governs). .

1922 . , , . 30 .

 

7. "". 1925 ., , , . ! ( ) - ! ? , - , , , . , . 1924 . . 1925 "The dawn of European civilisation" (" "), , ( 1952 " ").

. . , , , . : . : . : . : . , - , . , , , , : ", , " (Sherratt 1989: 158). :

" , , , , , " (Childe 1958: 69 = Retrospect).

, , ?

, , , ( ), , () , , , . : , : , . - "", (: ).

, , , , . . , . . , . . , , . , , . , , . (1924 ) : " " " ".

, 1925 , "The dawn of European civilisation" (" "). :

" () , , , , , " (Childe 1925:???).

: . , - , , , .

, . (Retrospect) , . . , 1928 . . . 1911 . : " " ( !). . : " " (Childe 1956: 70).

, () () , - , (Veit 1984), , ( ). : . , (, . .), . , , . , . , , ( 1929 .). - 1922 .

( ), . ( ) . , . , " " ( Retrospect). .

, , - . "" . , , , , , , . "" , , , . , , , . . , , , " " ( 1952: 374).

, , , . . , .

" , ; . , , , . . , , .

, . , , , " ( 1952: 352).

. . : " ; , " (Childe 1935: 5). . " ", , . "" " ", .

" , - , - , ; , , I . . , , " ( 1952: 447. . . .).

! , " " . " ", , " - . " ( 1952: 452). " : " " ( 1952: 447).

:

" , , , . , . , . , , , " ( 1952: 446).





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