(. ., . 6), .
, Cu(OH)2:
CuCl2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2¯+ 2NaCl,
Cu2+ + 2Cl-+ 2Na++ 2OH-= Cu(OH)2¯ + 2Na++ 2Cl-.
( - )
- Cu(OH)2. :
Cu 2+ + 2OH- = Cu(OH)2¯.
, CO2 2:
K2CO3 + 2HCl = 2KCl + H2O + CO2;
2K++ CO32-+ 2H++ 2Cl- = 2K++ 2Cl-+ H2O + CO2;
CO32-+ 2H+ = H2O + CO2.
, , H2O:
2NaOH + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2H2O;
2Na++ 2OH-+ 2H++ SO42-= 2Na+ + SO42-+ 2H2O;
H+ + OH- = H2O.
- , , , , , .
- .
, 2 ++ -.
22 :
K = = 1,8 × 10-16.
, , , , ..
[H2O] = = 55,56 / .
18 /.
,
[H+] × [OH-] = 1,8 × 10-16×55,56 = 10-14.
( 2); ( ). , , + - [H+] [OH-] , .
- [H+] , [OH-] , . [H+] × [OH-] = 10-14.
[H+] = [OH-] = =1×10-7/.
[H+]>[OH-], [H+]>1∙10-7 / [OH-]<1∙10-7 /. , [HCl]=0,1 / =1.
[H+]<[OH-], [H+]<1∙10-7 / [OH-]>1∙10-7 /. , [KOH]=0,1 / =13.