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(. ., . 6), .

, Cu(OH)2:

CuCl2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2¯+ 2NaCl,

Cu2+ + 2Cl-+ 2Na++ 2OH-= Cu(OH)2¯ + 2Na++ 2Cl-.

( - )

- Cu(OH)2. :

Cu 2+ + 2OH- = Cu(OH)2¯.

, CO2 2:

K2CO3 + 2HCl = 2KCl + H2O + CO2;

2K++ CO32-+ 2H++ 2Cl- = 2K++ 2Cl-+ H2O + CO2;

CO32-+ 2H+ = H2O + CO2.

, , H2O:

2NaOH + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2H2O;

2Na++ 2OH-+ 2H++ SO42-= 2Na+ + SO42-+ 2H2O;

H+ + OH- = H2O.

- , , , , , .

- .

, 2 ++ -.

22 :

K = = 1,8 × 10-16.

, , , , ..

[H2O] = = 55,56 / .

18 /.

,

[H+] × [OH-] = 1,8 × 10-16×55,56 = 10-14.

( 2); ( ). , , + - [H+] [OH-] , .

- [H+] , [OH-] , . [H+] × [OH-] = 10-14.

[H+] = [OH-] = =1×10-7/.

[H+]>[OH-], [H+]>1∙10-7 / [OH-]<1∙10-7 /. , [HCl]=0,1 / =1.

[H+]<[OH-], [H+]<1∙10-7 / [OH-]>1∙10-7 /. , [KOH]=0,1 / =13.





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