. a , N., N:
a =
a , .
: , , , .
. , , . , , .
, : H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HI, HClO4, - (. ., . 6).
:
HNO3 = H+ + NO3- , NaOH = Na+ + OH-,
.
. (a ) (. ., . 6). . . , . , .. .
g, , 0 1. , (a).
, .
(a) (), (g):
= g .
, .
(HNO2, H2SO3, H2S, H2SiO3, HCN, H3PO4) (3, 224 .), NH4OH , .
. . (). , :
CH3COOH CH3COO-+ H+.
() , , :
+ + -,
.
1 a, , a a . ( a) .
|
|
+ + -.
a a a
:
(6.1)
, . (6.1) , . (6.1) .
( a <<1), :
a2C, a (6.2)
, . , . (. ., . 3).