, , , . should / would + Perfect Infinitive, , Past Perfect. I should not have been late yesterday, if my watch had been write. , .
.
If ; in case , ; suppose (that) , ; on
Condition (that) , ; provided (that) , ; unless
; but for .
1. Tell me about your decision, when we ____ next time.
a) meet
b) will meet
2. If the child wants, ____ him this toy!
a) will buy
b) buy
3. We ____ about it for sure, when we ____ home.
a) will know will return
b) know will return
c) will know return
4. I need to think the matter over, in case he ____.
a) will refuse
b) refuses
5. Do your best or else you ____ with the group.
a) wont catch up
b) dont catch up
6. Mary ____ to us, unless Jack ____.
a) doesnt speak will leave
b) wont speak leaves
c) doesnt speak leaves
7. If they ____ a taxi, they ____ the train.
a) take... wont miss
b) will take... dont miss
c) will take... wont miss
8. ____ the children listen to me, when they ____?
a) do... will grow up
b) will... grow up
c) will... will grow up
9. If she ____ in time, we ____ late for the concert.
a) Wont come are
b) Doesnt come will be
c) Wont come will be
10. Why dont you ask her, when she ____?
a) comes
b) will come
11. Im sure we ____ back before it ____ dark.
a) are gets
b) will be will get
c) will be gets
12. I ____ the report today, if you ____ interrupting me.
a) finish will stop
b) will finish stop
c) will finish will stop
13. We ____ our lesson, when you ____ your seats.
a) will start take
b) start will take
c) will start will take
14. Should we wait here until they ____ us?
a) will call
b) call
15. I ____ you when I ____ ready.
a) will tell will be
b) tell will be
c) will tell am
16. Lets do the flat before our parents ____.
a) return
b) will return
c) returns
17. When the right time ____, I ____ you our family secret.
a) will come will open
b) comes will open
c) will come will open
18. She said that if he ____ the TV set, she ____ it out of the window at once.
a) wouldnt turn off would throw
b) didnt turn off would throw
c) wouldnt turn off would throw
19. I asked him what ____, when they ____ the truth.
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a) would happen found out
b) would happen would find out
c) happened would find out.
20. When the weather ____ fine, ____ all the windows. The child needs fresh air.
a) will be will open
b) will be open
c) is open
The Subjunctive Mood.
"" , , . . (,
). .
should would (Indefinite Infinitive Perfect Infinitive).
He demanded that the car should be repaired. ,
. He would come. . He would have come
then. . to be be were , , . If I were .. . . Past Indefinite. If you came earlier, you should speak to him. , .
1. Comment on the use of the Subjunctive Mood in complex sentences with clauses of unreal condition. Translate the sentences in to Russian.
1. If you were me, here and now, what would you do? 2. He was a stranger to George and he was aware that if he met him in the street he would not recognize him. 3. They would enjoy themselves much more if they had a party of their own. 4. I shouldnt have slept a wink all night if I hadnt known you were safe. 5. If I were Jim I wouldnt tell that to the judge. 6. If Howden had been less preoccupied he might have noticed that she seemed unusually radiant this morning. 7. If Miss Emily suffered half as much as she said she did, she would have sent for Dr Haydock long ago. 8. If you were a man youd never speak to her again. 9. She was not old and if she had told you that she was forty you would have been quite willing to believe it. 10. If he closed his eyes, he thought, he would visualize the scene. 11. Oh, if he had had the better fortune to appear before another judge, more sympathetic, would the result be different now? 12. If it had been anybody elses play, he would have rejected it. 13. If he did retire, would anyone notice the difference? 14. Miss Marple interrupted him: Oh, but they were not on bad terms! You know that for a fact. Everyone would have known if theyd quarreled. 15. Mum and Dad were so old-fashioned that if I took a girl home, they would consider her visit as good as shouting an engagement from the house-tops. 16. If his wife had gone away and left a note on the pin-cushion, it would be the first hed known of anything of that kind.
2. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets.
1. If I (not to be) what I am, things (to be) so simply. 2. If you (to be allowed) to stay in Canada? What you (to do)? 3. I can only tell you that, if anyone (to suggest) to me yesterday that OMurphy was a traitor, I (to laugh) in his face. 4. We are foolish and sentimental and melodramatic at twenty-five, but if we (not to be) perhaps we 9to be) less wise at fifty. 5. If it (to be) an accident, said Sir Henry gently, I do not think Mrs Bautry (to tell) us this history. 6. Im no a doctor. If (to be), do you think I (to waste) five dollars on you? 7. If I (to be) you I (to do) my hair rather differently. 8. I (not to mind) if he (to say) my pictures were bad, but he said nothing. 9. After all, if he (to have) any talent I (to be) the first to encourage him. 10. I (not to go) if you (not to say) youd come with me. 11. How it (to be) if I (to drop) around this evening? 12. If only I (to feel) that somebody wanted me, that I was of use to somebody, I (to become) a different person. 13. Your manners are all right. I (not to bring) you here if they (not to be). Dont be uneasy. 14. If you (to let) me have my way before there (to be) no cause for our trouble tonight. 15. If I (to be) twenty-seven again I suppose I (to be) as big a fool as I was then. 16. Paul believed that his mother never (to say) the things she did if she (to know) that Paul could hear her.
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3. Complete the following sentences using the required Subjunctive Mood.
1. If you had been at home . 2. If I were not so busy . 3. She wouldnt have done it if . 4. What would you answer if ? 5. You wouldnt have fallen ill if . 6. If he had sent a telegram . 7. The watch wouldnt have stopped if .. 8. If it were not raining .
9. You would get excellent marks if . 10. If I had known everything . 11. If it were not so cold . 12. Id have got there long ago if . 13. He would study much better if . 14. She wouldnt say so if . 15. If we knew him better . 16. The child wouldnt be crying if . 17. If you had managed to escape .
4. Comment on the word order in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Had Irene been present, the family circle would have been complete. 2. Had he had time to think about it he would have been certain that he was not told all. 3. It would have been incredible, indeed, had they not been victims themselves. 4. She used to wonder what on earth they would ever do were she to go away or be ill. 5. Jeunne, had she had time to collect her thoughts, would have tried to make some excuse but Louie swept past before Jeunne could say a word. 6. Were it not for the ugly wound upon my hand, all that had passed during those dreadful hours might have been an evil dream. 7. Had I died this morning, they would still be about their business, untouched and uncaring. 8. Hadnt the doctor told her that it was quite possible she might never have another fit. 9. Had I known who you really were, I should not have invited you to my house last night. 10. You would never have thought had you seen her quarter of an hour later, that so short a while before she had passed through such a weeping. 11. Had he gone to his aunt he would have been sure to meet Lord Hoodbody there. 12. But she also sensed that had he been ill he would have got word to her.
5. Translate into English.
1. ) , . b) , . 2. ) , , , . b) , , , . 3. ) , . b) , . 4. ) , . b) , . 5. ) , , . b) , , .
6. Replace the infinitives by the correct form of the subjunctive mood.
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1. But for the toothache I (to enjoy) the concert. 2. But for him we still (to sit) here waiting for the car. 3. But for my smile he (to believe) me. 4. The children (to sleep) in the open air but for the rain. 5. Nobody (to recognize) him but for the scar on his left cheek. 6. But for his severe look the child (not to begin) crying. 7. But for the accent with which he speaks nobody (to say) he is not Russian. 8. One (may take) him for a Russian but for the accent with which he speaks. 9. But for the late hour I (to stay) here longer. 10. But for the darkness they (not to lose) their way. 11. But for the fog we (to continue) our way. 12. But for the heavy bag she (to go) there also on foot. 13. I (to read) the book sooner but for the small print. 14. But for his assistance it (to be) impossible to do the work in time. 15. But for the hot climate he (to go) there together with us. 16. But for Fieta Lanny (to see) by Gert in his own house, and something terrible (may happen). 17. Lanny probably (to learn) never that he was the son of old Gert Villier but for Mako and Isaac.
7. Complete the following and translate.
1. But for the rain the tourists . 2. But for the late hour we . 3. I but for you. 4. The plane but for the sudden change of weather. 5. But for the fact that we did not know the language . 6. But for your being so careless . 7. The Gadfly from prison but for the fit of sickness. 8. But for his mothers unhappy marriage to Mr. Murdstone Davids life .
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , , . 6. , .
8. Make the condition or concession less probable by using the subjunctive mood.
M o d e l: If I am late, don't wait for me.
Should I be late, don't wait for me.
1. If I see him, I shall warn him of the postponement. 2. If you come back soon, ring me up. 3. Even if there is nothing new, you are to report to say so: 4. If he insists on it, they are likely to withdraw the motion. 5. If she asks you for an immediate answer, try to delay as long as you can under any pretext. 6. The party can leave earlier if a spell of good weather sets in. 7. If you meet with any difficulty, you may come to thrash the matter out any time you find it fit. 8. If there are any changes, the committee will know. 9. I can give you a lift if your driver does not come in good time. 10. We shall have to include it in the schedule even if it means striking out some other item.
9. Paraphrase the following so as to use the subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of condition and concession.
1. If you happen to be present rat at the ceremonial meeting, congratulate them on our behalf. 2. The snow shields are meant to protect the track against snowdrifts in case of a strong wind. 3. If you are lucky enough to get tickets for the show, will you spare me one? 4. I am sure nobody will have it much against you even if you make a mistake. 5. If you chance to hear anything from or of him, they would be most grateful if you let them know. 6. They will try their best to render you every support if there is the slightest possibility. 7. And even if the letter by any occasion turns up at your office, please return it to us unopened. 8. If you happen to come across this book, secure a copy for me. 9. Even if it happens so that we shall not find you in, we shall not go away and shall wait for you. 10. Come and see us here any time next year. If you chance to come in autumn, you'll enjoy a lot of fruit.
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10. Translate into English.
1. , . 2. , ) , b) . 3. , ) , b) , ) . 4. ? 5. , , . 6. , , . 7. . 8. , . 9. , , . 10. , , . 11. , , ? 12. ? 13. , . 14. - , . 15. ? 16. , . 17. , .
11. Translate the sentences into English.
1. , , . 2. , . 3. , , ! 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , ! 11. , . 12. , . 13. , , , 14. , . 15. , . 16. , . 17. , . 18. , , .
12. Comment on the use of the Subjunctive Mood in object clauses after the verb to wish and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. He wished now that when the director of his firm spoke to him he had answered differently. 2. I wish I knew how you reached your results. 3. I only wish that you could come with me, Watson, but I fear that it wont do. 4. She wished that it had been possible not to cause those two people such fearful distress. 5. I wish you hadnt got such sharp eyes, she said. 6. I wished I hadnt wasted so much money when I got there. 7. I wish I deserved your compliment but I dont. 8. He had nothing against skiing he wished he had had time to take it up when he was a young man. 9. He wished he felt more conviction on the point. 10. Oh, I wish I hadnt sent him that letter telling him to take care of himself. 11. I know this none of my business. But I wish I knew what its all about. 12. I wonder if we ought to have played that trick on Miss Reid. I almost wish wed left her alone. 13. I wish you could stay and then we could talk over my picture. 14. I only wish it had lasted twice as long. 15. I always remember everything. Some people wish I didnt. 16. I wish you didnt have to go. Why must you?
13. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use the Subjunctive Mood after the verb to wish.
1. He was sorry he couldn't join us. 2. It's a pity you were absent yesterday. 3. I'd like him to be more polite. 4. They are sorry they didn't invite her. 5. He was disappointed that he would not be able to see the film. 6. I regret now not having told her all the truth then. 7. What a pity you can't swim. 8. I'm awfully sorry I kept you waiting so long. 9. It's a pity I couldn't go to the theatre with you. 10. I'm very sorry that I have disturbed you. 11. It's a pity you are leaving so soon. 12. I'd like to see the film again. 13. It was a pity we could not see the stage well. 14. They were sorry they hadn't taken a taxi and had missed their train.
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14. Supply the correct form of the Subjunctive Mood of the verbs in brackets.
1. Oh, I wish I (not to send) him that letter. I'd give anything to take it back. 2. I wish I (to be) as sure as you. 3. But he wished that there (to be) some way in which he could help the young lawyer. 4. "I wish I (not to cry) so much," said Alice trying to find her way out. 5. And here I wish I (can) tell you half of the things Alice used to say. 6. I rather wished Poirot (to be) there. 7. I wish I (to know) it was your friend. 8. He wished he (to come) by air. 9. I wish I (to know) what to do now. 10.I wish that poor Strickland (to be) still alive. 11. I wish I (to know) it was your birthday, Lady Windermere, I would have covered the whole street in front of your house with flowers. 12. I wish they (to be) back. 13.1 wished I (to have) enough confidence so that I could transfer some to her. But I didn't. 14. I wish I never (to hear) of it. 15. I wish to we (to have) bicycles. 16. I wish I (to know) where we are going. 17. I wish that I (to be) with the British. It would have been much simpler.
15. Translate into English using the Subjunctive Mood in object clauses.
1. , . , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. - , . 8. , - , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , , . 14. , . , . 15. , . . 16. , . 17. , , . 18. , . 19. . .
16. Comment on the use of the Subjunctive Mood in clauses introduced by as if and as though.
1. For a moment or two she remained by the desk, one hand touching the telephone, as if a thread of contact still remained. 2. He was not so well-dressed as Robert, who always looked as though he had stepped out of a shop-window, but he wore his old clothes as though it didn't much matter what one wore. 3. He had been feeling more comfortable every day, in fact he was beginning to feel as if he'd never been away. 4. He found Brenner standing on the sidewalk in his dirty raincoat and shaking as though he were suffering from a malarial attack. 5. He looked at me as though he wanted to ask me something. 6. "I'm glad you could come, gentlemen." Curtis O'Keefe informed them, as if this meeting had not been planned weeks ahead. 7. She looked fresh and clean as though nothing had happened to her that night. 8. She looked at me as though that were the end of the interview and she expected me to get up and take myself off. 9. She looked as though she had been crying. 10. Hurstwood gazed at it a moment as if something were scratching him. 11. It was Sunday, and there was a feeling of quietness, a silence as though nature were at rest. 12. A convulsion racked him as though he had been touched by a high-tension wire. 13. His heart laboured as though it were pumping sand, not blood, not liquid, he thought. 14.1 sat in the garden feeling as though I were home again. 15. It was as if someone he had never known had written the story. 16. There was a pause, with heavy breathing, as if a moment of emotion were being controlled. 17. It was as if Marthy had received a physical blow and were rocking on her feet. 18. When he finally broke the silence his voice was as hoarse as though he had been shouting inside himself.
17. Supply the necessary forms of the Subjunctive Mood in clauses introduced by as if and as though.
1. Whenever I saw them it looked as though they (to be) on very good terms with one another. 2. The knife shone as though it just (to come) out of the workshop. 3. As I opened my door I seemed to hear a changing sound as if a mass of metal (to fall). 4. Suddenly the voice was clear and strong as if Constance (to be) in another room of the hotel. 5. Fred wasn't shy, and he talked to Gracie's parents as though he (to know) them all his life. 6. His tanned, smooth skin looked as though a razor never (to touch) it. 7. You behave as if you (to be married) to her already. 8. You look as though you (not to have) much sleep the last night or two. 9. She noticed a shade of thought pass over his face as if he (to begin) to realize that things were changed. 10. He felt as if he (to catch) cold. 11. He leaned against the desk, and upon my word he was shaking as though he (to get) fever. 12. He looked s if he (to step) from the pages of "Pickwick Papers". 13. She always smelled as though she just (to come) from a long walk in a forest. 14. She clutched the letter to her heart as though she (to think) I would take it from her. 15. He looked as if he (not to have) a meal for a week, and I hadn't the heart to refuse him. 16. Sharon frowned as if she (to be puzzled). 17. He looked as if he (not to sleep) much lately.
18. Translate the sentences into English.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , - . 4. , , . 5. ? , . 6. , . 7. , , , . 8. , ? 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. , , . 13. , . 14. , - . 15. , , . 16. , . 17. , . 18. , ? 19. , . 20. , . 21. , , .
19. Comment on the use of the synthetic form of the Present Subjunctive and translate the sentences into Russian.
a) 1. She suggested that this date be a day of international solidarity. 2. He demanded that his honour be satisfied. 3. They proposed to him that he become one of their gang. 4. Arrange with the telephone calls so that every month I get a list of all the calls. 5. It is proposed that these measures be discussed at a conference on military defence and disarmament in Europe. 6. It is important, however, that no hasty actions be taken which could complicate the situation. 7. I suggest that we go to Cannes and find out everything about the yacht. 8. "I'd suggest," said the old man mildly, "that you read the message." 9. "How many Samuel Adamses are there?" "Only one, the Lord be praised." 10. Do you know that every man of rank and figure in this province is desirous that his daughter be married to a man who never saw her? 11. I think you should take it with you, Charlie. And I suggest you show it to Joe Pearson.
b) Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the subjunctive mood (give two variants).
1. It is necessary that students (to take interest) in public life. 2. It was suggested that we (to start) at dawn. 3. It was ordered that the project (to submit) for discussion at the preliminary session. 4. It is requested that the ticket (to retain) till the end of the performance. 5. It is desirable that you (to keep) us regularly informed of your whereabouts. 6. Was it so important that he (to be) present? 7. It is not advisable that the children (to leave) alone. 8. It is recommended that the medicine (to keep) in a dark and cool place.
20. Translate into English using the subjunctive mood.
1. , (revise) , - . 2. , . 3. , . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. , . 8. . 9. (chairman) . 10. . 11. . 12. , .
21. Find and correct the mistakes if any.
1. I cannot give him such a job. I wish he were light-minded. 2. It was desirable that all participants came on time. 3. If he would go there, I did not come. 4. He insisted that everybody would sign the paper. 5. He looks upon the cottage as if it is his property. 6. If he had come a bit earlier, he would have time to say goodbye to you. 7. She wished she had never mentioned his name. 8. Was it so important that he be present? 9. Should he could do it, he would do it. 10. I demand that he is taken to hospital immediately.
22. Translate the sentences into English.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . , - . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. . 10. , . 11. , . . 12. , , . 13. , . 14. , . 15. ; . 16. , , ! 17. , . 18. , . 19. , ! 20. , , . 21. , , . 22. , . 23. , . 24. , . . 25. , , ! 26. , . 27. . . 28. , . 29. , , . 30. , - .
23. Translate the sentences into English.
1. , .
2. , .
3. , .
4. , , .
5. , .
6. , .
7. , .
8. , .
9. , .
10. , , .
11. , .
12. , .
13. , 8 .
14. , .
15. , .
16. , 17 .
17. , .
18. , .
19. , , .
20. , .
21. , .
22. , .
23. , .
24. , .
25. , .
26. , .
27. , - .
28. , .
29. , .
30. , .
31. .
32. , 18 .
33. , .
34. , .
35. , .
36. , 22 .
37. , .
38. , , .
39. , .
40. , .
1. The dog looks as if it _____ hungry.
a) were
b) had been
2. Sara cried as if something terrible _____.
a) happened
b) had happened
3. It seems as if he _____ to say something rude.
a) is going
b) were going
4. Everybody treats me as if I _____ a catching disease.
a) am having
b) had
c) have
5. They are talking as if they _____.
a) had never quarreled
b) never quarreled
6. She told me what to do as if she _____ everything.
a) knew
b) had known
7. The boy smiled as if he _____ something funny.
a) remembered
b) had remembered
8. I wish you _____ here. It`s rather difficult to breathe.
a) not smoked
b) didnt smoke
c) hadn't smoked
9. I wish I _____ speak better Spanish.
a) would can
b) shall be able
c) could
10. We wish it _____ sunny and warm all year round.
a) is
b) was
c) were
11. The criminal wished he _____ at all.
a) wouldn't be born
b) hadn't been born
c) weren't born
12. They shook hands as if they _____ each other for a long time.
a) knew
b) had known
13. He wishes his friends _____ to his party next week.
a) came
b) would come
c) would have come
14. I dont understand you as though we _____ on different planets.
a) would live
b) lived
15. He smiled as if he _____ read my thoughts.
a) can
b) could
c) would
16. They behave as if nothing _____.
a) happened
b) had happened
17. You look healthy as though you _____ jogging every morning.
a) would go
b) went
c) had gone
18. You sound if you _____ a sore throat.
a) have
b) had
19. I feel so tired as if I _____ all day.
a) worked
b) had worked
20. He began to tremble as if he _____ a ghost.
a) saw
b) had seen
(SEQUENCE OF TENSES)
- - . .
: - , - , :
says that he was busy yesterday. , .
says that he will be busy tomorrow. , .
says that he is busy. , .
- , - , :
a) , :
told me that he studied here. , .
She said she was preparing for a report. , .
b) , :
The rector said that the Moscow Higher Women's Courses had been reorganised into the Second Moscow State University. , .
c) , , - Future-in-the-Past.
Future-in-the-Past Future Tenses, shall should, will - would:
I thought I should know the way this time, but I was wrong. , , .
, .. - - , :
a) : must, ought, should:
I knew that he must come to the Academy by 3 o'clock. , 3 .
b) :
The teacher told the pupils that Novosibirsk stands on the both banks of the river Ob. , .
c) , as , , than : It was not so cold yesterday as it is today. , .
d) , :
I knew that she left Moscow in 1945. , 1945 .
: I knew that she had left Moscow some years ago. , .
