- , . , , , 1992. Nature-based tourism that involves education and interpretation of the natural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable. (Commonwealth Department of Tourism (1992), Australian National Ecotourism Strategy, Canberra.)
, , . (, Ecotourism Society, 1994). Purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the culture and natural history of the environment, taking are not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial to local people.(Ecotourism Society, 1994).
, , , , , ( , ). . Fennell, D. (1999), Ecotourism, Routledge. A sustainable form of natural resource based tourism that focuses primarily on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically managed to be low impact, non-consumptive, and locally orientated (control, benefits and scale). It typically occurs in natural areas, and should contribute to the conservation and preservation of such areas.Fennell, D. (1999), Ecotourism, Routledge.
, ; , , , , . Ross, S. and Wall, G. (1999),Evaluating Ecotourism: the Case of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, Tourism Management, Vol.20, No. 6, pp.673-682 Ecotourism can contribute to both conservation and development and involves, as a minimum, positive synergistic relationships between tourism, biodiversity and local people, facilitated by appropriate management. (Ross, S. and Wall, G. (1999), Evaluating Ecotourism: the Case of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, Tourism Management, Vol.20, No. 6, pp.673-682)
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That kind of tourism which is: (a) based on relatively undisturbed natural areas, (b) non-damaging, non-degrading, (c) a direct contributor to the continued protection and management of the natural areas used, (d) subject to an adequate and appropriate management regime. (Valentine, P. (1993), Ecotourism and Nature Conservation: A definition with some recent developments in Micronesia. Tourism Management, Vol.14, No.2, pp.107-115.)
, . , , , . , . Evans-Pritchard, D. and Salazar, S. (1992), What is Ecotourism?Eco-Institute of Costa Rica and ULACIT The planned practice of tourism in which the enjoyment of nature and learning about living beings and their relationship with the environment are brought together; it is an activity which does not result in a deterioration of the environment and which promotes and supports the conservation of natural resources, thereby producing economic benefits which reach most social strata of the population in such a way that a sustainable horizontal development is achieved. Moreover, real ecotourism promotes justice for people and for nature. (Evans-Pritchard, D. and Salazar, S. (1992), What is Ecotourism? Eco-Institute of Costa Rica and ULACIT.)
: (, , , ), ; , . , , (Weaver, D.B. (1999), Magnitude of Ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.26, No.4, pp.792-816). Ecotourism consists of three core criteria: the primary attraction is nature-based (such as flora and fauna, geological features), with cultural features constituting a secondary component; the emphasis is on the study and/or appreciation of the resource in its own right; and the activities of the tourists and other participants are benign with respect to their impact upon the physical and cultural environment of the destination. Ecotourism should be coherent with the notion of sustainable tourism by adhering to the carrying capacities of the destination and being acceptable to, and supportive of, host communities. (Weaver, D.B. (1999), Magnitude of Ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.26, No.4, pp.792-816.)
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