, , , ; , ; , . , . .
- , , . .
: . - , , , , .
: , .
. , . . , . . , 10% . - . . , .
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AGREVO
70 , - . , . AgrEvo . Monsanto - .
AgrEvo : Hoechst Schering. 1992 . Greenpeace , 22 . Hoechst, , , 1976 . 1994 . 200 , (Ecologist 28\2). Hoechst Rhone-Poulenc Aventis, Monsanto Novartis. Aventis 12- 92 . ( Rhone-Poulenc 1998 .). AgrEvo Aventis CropScience , . Rhone-Poulenc bromoxynil (Buctril) . Pesticide Action Network, bromoxynil , . .
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1998 . 42% AgrEvo Group . 1999 . 3 .
AgrEvo - Liberty Link. -: , , . 1995 . 1998 . AgrEvo Liberty Link - . 800 . .
Liberty Link glufosinate, , AgrEvo, , - (Guardian 18\8\99). glufosinate. , , , , - . Glufosinate - - , . , , , . glufosinate , , (MAFF). Glufosinate : Basta, Rely, Finale, Challenge.
AgrEvo . , , 27 1996 . , 50 .
AgrEvo . 1998 . AgrEvo; - 8 . , , . 1999 . (CTNbio) AgrEvo. - . .
NOVARTIS
275 142 . 1996 . - - Sandoz Ciba Geigy . , .
Novartis - ( ). 20 . , Imutran, Novartis , .
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56% Novartis 27% - . , - , , , , , Bt- .
Novartis , , . Bt- 1996 ., - 1996 . - . Bt-, , , 13 -. 1997 . Novartis , . 1998 . Bt-. , 1999 . , (), , -. , Novartis , Bt- , . Novartis.
1998 . û. Novartis , , , (USDA, USAID, ), .
Gerber Babyfood, Novartis, , - . , Greenpeace -.
Novartis, , . , , Novartis -. - . , 10 - .
MONSANTO
, () . Monsanto , , , . , ( ) - .
, . Monsanto , , . (CitiGroup, BancBoston Robertson Stephens Inc., AEGON, N.V.); ( , , , , ); ( , , ).
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. , . : Monsanto 100 . , .
20 - . , , , , , .
Monsanto -: , Global Access Limited Burson Marsteller, , .
Monsanto , , (Guardian 22.10.99).
1901 . - Monsanto Chemicals , - Coca-Cola.
20- . . - .
40- . . - . Monsanto ; 80- .
60- . . - , .
1962 . - .
1972 . - Monsanto, .
1976 . - Roundup.
1982 . - Monsanto .
1995 . - ; NewLeaf ( ) -, .
1996 . - Monsanto , ( 1997 . 3,4 . ; 1998 . - 42 . ).
1998 . - Monsanto : , , .
, . - - -, ; -.
Monsanto , . , , 1976 .
Monsanto 20 , Roundup, . , , , .
, Roundup , .
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RoundUp , , - .
- Agent Orange - 2,4,5- 2,4-D. , , . Agent Orange , , .
, , . , , ( 1998 . 35% ), . , Monsanto - . - , , Roundup Ready ; Roundup Ready . Bt- .
-. , .
, Monsanto .
PIONEER HI-BREED (DU PONT)
, . Pioneer Hi-Bred 21 , - . : . Pioneer Hi-Breed 1926 . - , . . - 42% 16% , 69% ( Monsanto, Novartis Dow), 20-25% 70% , 70% ( Dekalb - Monsanto Cargill). Pioneer Hi-Bred AgrEvo Liberty Link, Roundup Ready , , , . 1998 . 1,8 . . Pioneer Hi-Breed , , 2000 , . , -. CNFA, . , Pioneer Hi-Breed USAID .
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