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Text 8 How the Internet Works
Exercise 8 Read and translate into Ukrainian.
The Internet is a (1) combination of large and small (2) computer networks world-wide. The number of networks connected has grown from 350 just over 10 years ago to tens of thousands today.
The reason all this is possible is that the (3) entire world has adopted a (4) common standard for computer communication on the Internet.
The agreementover this standard, called (5) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), means that any computer (6) attached to the Internet can (7) direct messages to any other and read messages from completely different types of computer. It even means messages can be sent to mobile telephones and other devices that can be held in the hand.
And the beauty of all this is that users on their PCs at home or at work do not have to worry about how their messages get sent: the system just works, in the same way that the telephone or television or television just works.
The Internet also (8) depends on the support of local and national telecommunications companies, which (9) provide the international links. They, plus the (10) ISPS (International Standardized Profile System), (11) allow people to send e-mail across the world or to a friend down the road, or to access information held on a computer anywhere on earth, for no more that the cost of a local phone call. Typically, Internet service companies also (12) charge a fairly modest monthly (13) fee.
But neither these companies, nor any government or international agency owns the Internet. And it cannot be switched off.
In the future, we will increasingly access the Internet through our televisions. In fact, the UK already leads the world in implementing interactive television with nearly 4 million households now thought to be accessing such services.
Researchers believe that (14) surfing the Internet (15) via interactive television will eventually replace the PC in our homes as the two (16) technologies converge.
1) ; 2) ; 3) , ; 4) ; 5) / / TCP/IP; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) ; 10) ; 11) ; 12) , ; 13) ; 14) ; 15) ; 16) 㳿, .
Exercise 8A Translate the following words and combinations into English.
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) , ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) e-mail; 10) .
Exercise 8B Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English
1) , , - , 䒺 - . 2) . 3) . 4) .
