. , (. 5.11, ). . u(t)=Umsinωt ( ∆t) , ti ti+1, , ti, .. u(ti)=Umsinωti. , . 5.11, .
, , =/∆t. , , =∆t.
ti=i∆t, u(i∆t)=Umsin(iω∆t) , ω=2π/, :
u(i∆t)=Umsin(i2π/p).
, ( ), . , , .
, , , . , -1, +1, 2-1 2+1 .. , =25 f , 24-, 26- 49-, 51- , .. 24f, 26f, 49f, 51f. , , .. , .
, , . 5.11, . . q ∆t=qT, . , . , i , , . , i, . u(i∆t)=Umsin(i2π/p). . . (+1)- .
|
|
, ∆t, q .
-10.
( )
: , , . , .
: , . , ( ) - .
, .
, . 3.22, . :
- :
Pk=0,5UmIkm; (3.88)
- , :
P0=EkI (3.89)
- :
η = (3.90)
(3.90), (Um= Im= I) , , 50%.
. . , . . . , , .
(. 3.33, ) u. 1= -|E2|.
.
(.3.33, ) . . , 0...π VT1 (n-p-n-), ik1. u. π2π, , , VT2 (p-n-p-) ik2, u.
|
|
, , VT1 (. 3.34). . , R.
, ,
I= (3.91)
, ,
P0=EkIk=2EkIkm/π. (3.92)
, ,
Pk=0,5UkmIkm=0,5I2kmRH (3.93)
(382) (3.83)
η= (3.94)
(3.94) , Ukm=Ek 78,5%.
, . , .
, , - - . (. 3.35, ). , i1 i2, . (. 3.35, ). , ., , .
3.8. , , R=10 , 3 .
. (3.92)(3.94). , :
≥1,1=3,3
Ikm=
Ukm=IkmR=8,1 .
Ek≥Ukm+∆U (..3.34). ∆U=0,30.5 , =9 .
, 814 (p-n-p-) 815 (n-p-n-), h21=40. Im=Ikm/h21=0,81/40=0,02 A=20 mA.
-11.
. , , , ; .
, , , , .
|
|
(. 8.1) .
. 8.1.
, , , K=U/U, U ; U . . , , β= U/U, U , . . β , , . |β|≤1, . , , . , ,
U=U|+Uoc=U|+βU.
U=KU=K(U|+βU.
, , ,
K|=Uds[/U|d[=K+βKK|,
K|=K/(1-βK). (8.1)
, , , . β .
|, K β . β K|, , .
|βK|>>1, , . , β<0, , | K, |=/(1+β), β .
β , | ||< |K|, . β=1 , , . , U|, , .. .
, , . , . , K|=K/(1-βK), |β|>>1
K|≈-1/β. (8.2)
, K| , , . β , . .
, ∆, K|
∆ K|. ln K|=lnK ln(1-βK),
|
|
, K|
(8.3)
, , , (1-β) .
. (8.3). , , , , . ∆/, (8.3) (1-β) . , ; , F|2 , F2 , .. F|2> F2.
. 8.10.
= U/U - , , .. . Z = ∞ = U/U.
, :
.
Uoc=U,
(8.13)
(8.14)
(1-β) , . , :
(8.17)
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. -01.
7. .. : . . .: ..,2000. 399:.
8. . . : . / .. - 3- , .-.: . ., 2005.- 510 .: .
9. .., .. . .: , 1998.-288 , .
10. .. . .-: , 2007.-416: .
11. .. : . . . . : : , 2002.-288
12. .. . : . . -.: : -, 2005.- 432 . ( ).
13. .. : . . -.: . ., 2002.-306.: .
8. ... , , ., 1990,512 .
9. .. , , ., 1988, 464 .
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