077-140
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6.060101
6.060101
3 24.11.2010 .
г 2010
ճ 6.060101 / .. - г: , 2010. 28 .
: .., 쳿.
³ : .., ..,
쳿
.. .., 2011
, 2011
.
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1. Ͳ ղ̲............5
1.1.
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1.2. ճ . ..............................5
2. . в
в Ҳ
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3. ղ̲ ʲ в.....................7
3.1. ....................................................7
3.2. ճ . .
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4. .
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5. ֲ ̲ -
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6. ֲֲ . 11
7. ò˲ ......................................................12
8. -²Ͳ ֲ...............................12
9.
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10. ͲͲ ..................................13
11. Dz ˲ ² Dz....14
12. IJ ....................................................15
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ճ . . . ³ , , , . . 쳿 . , . . ϳ . 30 .
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1. Ͳ ղ̲
1.1.
1. 344 420 772 .. 0,865 . .
2. 85,5 910 768 .. 0,0925 . .
3. 87 620 758 .. 0,24 . .
4. 3000 32. , .
5. , 1,714 ᒺ 600 .
6. 0,001 3 0,0021 . .
7. , 500 870 96 0,93 .
8. 624 170 104 1,56 . .
9. 1 1,25 . : ) ; ) .
10. 1 1,52 , 1 1,25 . .
1.2.ճ .
1. 1,59 478 70 730 .. .
2. 0,934 348 200 750 .. .
3. 8,99 /. ᒺ -30 800 .. 䳿 0,4495 ?
4. 1 , ᒺ 336 370 735 .. .
5. , 0,584 219 , 170 740 ..
6. , 0,165 0,279 2.
7. , 0,824 璺 291 , .., 2.
8. 0,2046 . , , ᒺ 274 190 755 .. .
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9. , 5% 48% .
10. 0,728 0,535 . .
2. . в
в Ҳ
. , , . . ó. .
1. 13 21.
2. 15 23.
3. 17 25.
4. 20 30.
5. 23 33.
6. 14 22.
7. 19 29.
8. 16 24.
9. 9 17.
10. 7 15.
3. ղ̲ ʲ в
3.1.
1. () 2() = 2() + (), 4 ?
2. (.) + 2() = 2() , : ) 3 ; ) 4 .
3. () : 2NO() + Cl2() L 2NOCl(). : ) () 2 ; ) 2 ; 3) 2 ?
4. , (IV) 2NO() + 2() L 2NO2() 1000 ?
5. N2() + 32() L 2N3(), 100 ?
6. 400, γ=3,2?
7. , 30 (γ=2,5)?
8. 500 1200 . γ.
9. 2 22() + 2() = 22(), 4 ?
10. 2,3. ., 25 ?
3.2. ճ . .
1. 2SO2() + 2() L 2SO3() : [SO2] = 0,04 /, [O2] = 0,06 /, [SO3] = 0,02 /. (IV) . , ?
2. N2() + 3H2() L 2NH3(); Δ = -92,4 : [N2] = 3 /, [H2] = 9 /, [NH3] = 4 /. : ) 2 N2; ) ?
3. 2NO2() L 2NO() + 2() : [N2] = 0,006 /, [NO] = 0,024 /. NO2.
4. (Բ) + 2() L 2(); Δ0 = 172,5 . : ) ; ) ?
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5. :
2() + 2() L 2(); Δ0 = -566 ;
N2() + 2() L 2N(); Δ0 = 180 .
) ;
) ?
.
6. :
22() + 2() L 22(); Δ0 = -483,6 ;
3() L () + 2(); Δ0 = 179 .
) ;
) .
.
7. :
2Br() L H2() + Br2(); Δ0 = -70,18 ;
2NO() + 2() L 2N2(); Δ0 = 117,2 .
) ;
) .
.
8. () + 12() L l2() г [12] = 0,3 /, [O] = 0,2 / [12] = 1,2 /. () . ?
9. :
2N() + 2() L 2N2(); Δ0 = 117,2 ;
41() + 2() L 22() + 212();
2() + S() L 2S().
?
10. 41() + 2() L 212() + 2 2(); ? .
4. .
Ͳ
1. FeCl3 20 40%- , 1,133 /?
2. 12 25 : ) 0,5 ; ) 0,5 ?
3. NaCl 10 , 2%?
4. 2 6126 60 . .
5. K2SO4, 20 1,74 .
6. 2 , 10%?
7. , 2 , 0,5 -/? ?
8. () 10 , 0,2 /? ?
9. 1 50%, 10%?
10. , 10%, 1,056 /.
5. ֲ ̲
˲Ҳ
) , - - . ;
) , - .
1. ) NiCl2 + H2S;
) NO2- + H+ = HNO2.
2. ) CuSO4 + NaOH;
) Pb2+ + 2I- = PbI2↓.
3. ) Na2SO3 + H2SO4;
) Fe3+ + 3OH- = Fe(OH)3↓.
4. ) K2CO3 + HCl;
) 2H+ + S2- = H2S↑.
5. ) FeS + HCl;
)Cu2+ + 2OH- = Cu(OH)2↓.
6. ) Fe(OH)3 + HNO3;
) HCO3- + H+ = H2CO3.
7. ) AlBr3 + AgNO3;
) Ca2+ + CO32- = CaCO3↓.
8. ) HCl + Ba(OH)2;
) Cu2+ + S2- = CuS↓.
9. ) H2S + NH4OH;
) CH3COO- + H+ = CH3COOH.
10. ) Na2S + H2SO4;
) NH4+ + OH- = NH4OH.
6. ֲֲ .
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1. , - , ó ( /) : ) 10-3; ) 6,5 . 10-8; ) 1,4 . 10-2.
2. - , + ( /) : ) 2 . 10-7; ) 8,1 . 10-3; ) 2,7 . 10-10.
3. , 1 0,1 NaOH. .
4. + 1 , 13?
5. : 0,02 NH4OH; 0,01M HN3; 0,01M HCN; 0,001M NaOH (
= 1,8 . 10-5; 
= 7,2 . 10-10).
6. , : ) 0,2 1; ) 0,2 3 ( = 1,8 . 10-5)?
7. , 1 7,3 1. .
8. + , - ( /) : ) 6,5 . 10-6; ) 9 . 10-9; ) 8,7 . 10-8.
9. , : ) 1,6; ) 3; ) 3,7.
10. , : ) 11; ) 10,3; ) 12,7.
7. ò˲
, . ? ? - .
1. KCl, NaNO2, FeCl3.
2. Na2SO4, Na2SO3, AlCl3.
3. Ca(NO3)2, Na2SiO3, Fe(NO3)3.
4. CuSO4, NaNO3, Na2S.
5. K2CO3, Cr(NO3)3, NaCl.
6. ZnCl2, KCN, CaCl2.
7. NH4Cl, FeCl3, K2SO4.
8. ZnBr2, K2S, Na2SO4.
9. MgSO4, K2SO3, KNO3.
10. Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3, KBr.
8. -²Ͳ ֲ
, , - . , . - .
1. NaBr + MnO2 + H2SO4 → MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + Br2 + 2;
2. HNO3 + Zn → Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3;
3. H2SO3 + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2;
4. KI + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → I2 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2;
5. HNO3 + As2S3 →H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO;
6. KClO3 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 → KCl + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O;
7. KBrO + MnCl2 + KOH → KBr + MnO2 + KCl + H2O;
8. Zn + HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + N2 + H2O;
9. K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KOH → K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + H2O;
10. K2Cr2O7 + H2S + H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + S + K2SO4 + H2O.
