, , :
CNH4+ = 3 0,1 = 0,3 /3;
32- = 0,1 /3;
C 1- = 0,1 /3
I = ½ (0,312 +0,112 +0,112) = 0,4
. .
- , + - .
| ó | ó | |||
| (HCl) | (HCN) | (H2SO4) | (H2S) | |
| [Al(OH)3] | AlCl3 : ó Al(OH)Cl2, Al(OH)2Cl. ; < 7 | Al(CN)3 : ό AlOH(CN)2, Al(OH)2CN, Al(OH)3 HCN. ; | Al2(SO4)3 : ó Al(OH)SO4 H2SO4. ; < 7 | Al2S3 : Al(OH)S, Al(OH)3 H2S. ; |
| [Ba(OH)2] | BaCl2 | Ba(CN)2 : Ba(OH)CN, HCN. ; > 7 ( ) | BaSO4 , | BaS : Ba(HS)2, Ba(OH)2. ; > 7 ( ) |
| (NH4OH) | NH4Cl : NH4OH, HCl. ; < 7 | NH4CN : NH4OH, HCN. ; | (NH4)2SO4 : NH4HSO4 H2SO4. ; < 7 | (NH4)2S : NH4OH, H2S. ; |
| (NaOH) | NaCl | NaCN : NaOH, HCN. ; > 7 | Na2SO4 | Na2S : NaOH, NaHS. ; > 7 |
(h) (),
|
. .
.
: [+], [-], pH, , aH+, aOH-, paH+, paOH-. .
) , :
An- + <-> n + -
>7 = Kw /
[-] = h * = 
= 
pOH = - lg[OH] Þ pH = 14- pOH
[H+] = 
:
) , :
Kat+ + Û KatOH + +
|
|
|
< 7 = Kw /
[ +] = h = = 
pH = -lg [H+]
:
) , ,
, , .
