. :
) . . : , . . . .
( ), . .
, :
1) ;
2) ;
3) , , .
) . , , 1 3 .
. , . .
, , , , , -.
) . , . , ( ) . , :
1. , , , , .
2. .
3. . .
4. .
|
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5. . , , ; .
, , . , .
, , , , . , , , .
w () () , I II, ():
1) ():
m-(I) + m-(II) = m(-) ( m())
2) :
mA(I) + mA(II) = mA(-) ( mA())
, , , I II ( I II) .
, , .
() () . , :
1) :
V-(I) + V-(II) = V
2) :
n(I) + n(II) = n()
(I)V-(I) + (II)V-(II) = ()V()
1.
I II 220 3 w (CaCl2)= 8 %, r = 1,066 /. :
) m(CaCl2)() V(H2O) CaCl2() ;
) m(CaCl26H2O) V(H2O) CaCl26H2O ;
) m (CaCl2)() + V- w (aCl2) =2 % r =1,015 /3
) V- w (aCl2) =25 % r =1,228 /3 V(2) ;
) V- w (aCl2) =25 % r =1,228 /3 V- w (aCl2)= 2 % r =1,015 /3 ;
) V- w (aCl2)= 2 % r =1,015 /3 .
.
)
1) :
m (CaCl2) + m (2) = m (-) = Vr
2) :
M (CaCl2) = Vrw (aCl2)
:
|
|
m (CaCl2) + m (2) = 220 3 1,066 /3 =234,52
m (CaCl2) = 220 3 1,066 /3 0,08=18,76
m (H2O)= 234,52 18,76 = 215,76
: 18,76 CaCl2() 215,76 3 2
( , r =1 /3).
) :
1) :
m (CaCl262) + m (2) = m (-) = Vr
2) CaCl2 :
m (CaCl2/ CaCl2 6H2O) = Vrw (aCl2),
m (CaCl2/CaCl2 6H2O) = , n(CaCl2) = n(CaCl26H2O)
: m(CaCl2 6H2O) + m(2) = m(-) = Vr
= Vrw(aCl2),
:
m (CaCl2 6H2O) + m(2) = 220 3 1,066 /3 =234,52
= 220 3 1,066 /3 0,08 = 18,76
m (CaCl2 6H2O) =
m (H2O) = 234,52 37,01 = 197,51
: 37,01 CaCl2 6H2O 197,51 3 H2O.
) :
1) :
m (CaCl2) + m1 = m-
m (CaCl2) + V1r1 = Vr
2) :
m (CaCl2) + m (CaCl2/.-) = m (CaCl2/.-)
m(CaCl2) + V1 r1 w1 = Vrw
:
m (CaCl2) + V1 1,015 /3 = 220 3 1,066 /3 = 234,52
m (CaCl2) + V1 1,015 /3 0,02 = 220 3 1,066 /3 0,08 =18,76
, :
V1 1,015 /3 (1-0,02) = 234,52 -18,76 = 215,76
V1 =
m (CaCl2) = 234,52 -216,91 3 1,015 /3 = 14,35
: 14,35 CaCl2 216,91 3 w (CaCl2)= 2 %
) :
1) V1 r1 + m (H2O) = Vr
2) V1r1w1 = Vrw
: V1r1 + m (H2O) = Vr
V1r1w1 = Vrw
:
V1 1,228 /3 + m(H2O) = 220 3 1,066 / 3 =234,52
V1 1,228 /3 0,25 = 220 3 1,066 /3 0,08=18,76
m (H2O)= 234,52 (61,11 3 ∙ 1,228 /3) =159,48
: 61,11 3 w(CaCl2)= 25 % 159,48 3 H2O
) :
1)- V1r1 + V2r2= Vr
2)- V1 r1 w1+ V2 r2 w2 = Vrw
:
V1 1,228 /3 +V2 1,015 /3 = 220 3 1,066 /3 =234,52
V1 1,228 /3 0,25 + V2 1,015 /3 0,02 = 220 3 1,066 /3 0,08=18,76
, V1 =49,81 3 V2 =170,79 3.
: 49,81 3 w (CaCl2) =25 % 170,79 3 w (CaCl2) =2 %.
) , - . , :
m (CaCl2/ )=m (CaCl2/ )
V1 r1 w1 = Vrw,
, :
m(H2O)=m(.-) m(.-)=V1r1-Vr = 924,14 3 1,015 /3 220 3 1,066 /3 =703,48 .
: 924,14 3 w (CaCl2) =2 % 703,48 3H2O.
2. (..) w (NH3) =3 % r = 0,985 /3 100 3 ( w (NH3) =10 % r = 0,957 /3).
.
:
I | II | III( ))) |
NH3() V(NH3)=? (..) | w2(NH3)= 3 % r2 = 0,985 /3 V2=? | V (NH3) = 100 3 w(NH3) =10 % r = 0,957 /3 |
|
|
1) :
2) , Vm = 22,4 3 /.
, :
, 3 % (V2) (): V(NH3) =8,9 3; V2 = 90,3 3
: 100 3 90,3 3 3% - (r = 0,985 /3) 8,9 3 (.) NH3
3. w (HCl) = 20 % r = 1,098 /3 2 ?
.
HCl , 2 . , V- w (HCl) =20 % HCl, :
m .- (HCl) =m .- (HCl) Vrw (HCl) =c(HCl)VM(HCl)
V 1,098 /3 0,20 = 2 /3 1 3 36,5 /, V = .
: 1 3 2 HCl, 332,4 3.
2 : 1 3 332,4 3 w (HCl) =20 % , 1 3.
, . , , . , , :
1) n [ ] , , , , ;
2) , , ( ; );
3) , .
, r- @ r(H2O) =1 /3.
4. 250 w (H3PO4) = 9,8 % 14,2 (V). .
.
1) P2O5 :
P2O5 + 3H2O () 2H3PO4(-),
:
m(H3PO4)=m .- (H3PO4) + m(H3PO4).
:
m .- (H3PO4) =m- w (H3PO4) =250 0,098 = 24,5
m(H3PO4/)=n(H3PO4)
(H3PO4)=
m(H3PO4) =24,5 + 19,5 = 44,0
2) :
m(.-)=m(.-) + m(P2O5) =250 + 14,2 = 264,2
w .- (H3PO4))= 16,69 %
: 16,69 %.