.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


1. . . . : , .




:

- () , , . .

( ) , . , , . , , . .

, . - , . . , , .

, ( ). .

, , , . .

, , , .

. , , . , . , .

, , . . () .

: , .

w () m(A) m-:

(3.1)

0 < ω() < 1, :

 

m-= m(A) + m(B) m-.= V-[3] × r ,

 

V- , [ 3 ]; r- , [ /3 ].

 

ω() : ω (A) [ % ] = ω (A) × 100%

ω () + ω () = 1, : ω (B) = 1 ω (A).

:

m (A) [] = m- []× w () = V-. [3]× r- [ /3 ] × ω ()

m (B) [] = m- [] m (A) [] = m- [] × (1 ω ())

c () , , () ():

(3.2)

: 0 < c < 1 .

, , .

() [ /3 ] n () [] V- [3], , 1 3 :

 

(A) = , (3.3)

 

n()[]=() [ / 3 ] × V-[3],

m(A) [] = c(A) [ /3V- [ 3 ] × M(A) .

 

: , ( ), , 1 , .., () = 1 / 3; 0,1 () = 0,1 / 3; 0,01 () = 0,01 / 3.

ρ () [/3], [ ; ] [ 3 ]:

ρ () = , (3.4)

m() [ ] = ρ () [ /3 ] ×V- [ 3 ]

(A), () [ / 3 ] ρ () [ / 3 ] :

 

() = , (3.5)

 

ρ () = ()×() (3.6)

 

w () = , (3.7)

 

() , [ / 3 ]

ρ- , [ /3 ]; (A) ( );

() , /; 1000 .

[ ] , 100 (2) t C [ 100 2 ]; [ 3 ], 1 3 (2) tC p[]. , 100 25 S (KCl) = 36,0 (25 ). () () .

[ /3 ] n () [ ] V- [ 3 ], 1 3 :

= (3.8)

.

:

= z () ,

z .

: , , . , , , 1 , = 1 /3; 0,1 , = 0,1 /3; 0,01 , = 0,01 /3.

, , , , .

, , ; , .

( ) , , ( , + ), .. , - ( ) ( ) .

z - , (z = 1, 2, 3), , ; , .

()= .

, z, , , ()= -, . , ( ) ( ) .

:

+ → + ,

z :

, , , .

: , :

 

n () = n () = n () = n ().

(1)

- M - , ; M = () .

[ /3 ] m, [ ] V-, [ 3 ]:

= , (3.9)

 

1 3 .





:


: 2017-02-25; !; : 1831 |


:

:

.
==> ...

1750 - | 1578 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.027 .