:
- () , , . .
( ) , . , , . , , . .
, . - , . . , , .
, ( ). .
, , , . .
, , , .
. , , . , . , .
, , . . () .
: , .
w () m(A) m-:
(3.1)
0 < ω() < 1, :
m-= m(A) + m(B) m-.= V-[3] × r ,
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V- , [ 3 ]; r- , [ /3 ].
ω() : ω (A) [ % ] = ω (A) × 100%
ω () + ω () = 1, : ω (B) = 1 ω (A).
:
m (A) [] = m- []× w () = V-. [3]× r- [ /3 ] × ω ()
m (B) [] = m- [] m (A) [] = m- [] × (1 ω ())
c () , , () ():
(3.2)
: 0 < c < 1 .
, , .
() [ /3 ] n () [] V- [3], , 1 3 :
(A) = , (3.3)
n()[]=() [ / 3 ] × V-[3],
m(A) [] = c(A) [ /3 ]× V- [ 3 ] × M(A) .
: , ( ), , 1 , .., () = 1 / 3; 0,1 () = 0,1 / 3; 0,01 () = 0,01 / 3.
ρ () [/3], [ ; ] [ 3 ]:
ρ () = , (3.4)
m() [ ] = ρ () [ /3 ] ×V- [ 3 ]
(A), () [ / 3 ] ρ () [ / 3 ] :
() = , (3.5)
ρ () = ()×() (3.6)
w () = , (3.7)
() , [ / 3 ]
ρ- , [ /3 ]; (A) ( );
() , /; 1000 .
[ ] , 100 (2) t C [ 100 2 ]; [ 3 ], 1 3 (2) tC p[]. , 100 25 S (KCl) = 36,0 (25 ). () () .
[ /3 ] n () [ ] V- [ 3 ], 1 3 :
= (3.8)
.
:
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= z () ,
z .
: , , . , , , 1 , = 1 /3; 0,1 , = 0,1 /3; 0,01 , = 0,01 /3.
, , , , .
, , ; , .
( ) , , ( , + ), .. , - ( ) ( ) .
z - , (z = 1, 2, 3), , ; , .
()= .
, z, , , ()= -, . , ( ) ( ) .
:
+ → + ,
z :
, , , .
: , :
n () = n () = n () = n ().
(1)
- M - , ; M = () .
[ /3 ] m, [ ] V-, [ 3 ]:
= , (3.9)
1 3 .