FEW A FEW, LITTLE A LITTLE
( )
1. few a few :
I. St. A. Will you return soon?
St. B. Yes, Ill be back in a few days.
II. St. A. Were there many people in the park yesterday?
St. B. Oh, no. The day was cold and there were very few people
there.
1. Were there many apples in your garden last year? 2. Do you live far from the metro station? 3. Have you got a lot of books on this subject? 4. Have you read many English books? 5. Shall we wait for him long?
2. (so) little a little :
| I. | - Shall we take a porter? - We neednt take a porter as we have so little luggage. |
| II. | - Can your sister read? - Though she is only four, she can read a little. |
1. time We cant stay here long, we have
2. milk We can make coffee, there is
3. Italian I understood some of the conversation as I could speak
4. money I cant buy this box of chocolates, I have
5. food He is getting better, he ate
6. tired Im not ill, but Im
7. walk My baby sister can
8. nervous He made a very good speech, though he was
V.
| short | shorter ( ) | (the) shorter , | ||||||
| -r, -, -ow, -l | early , | earlier , | (the) earlier | |||||
| important | more important ( ) | (the) most important ( ) | ||||||
    
| much many | more | (the) most , | |||||
| little | less | (the) least , | ||||||
| good well | better | (the) best , , | ||||||
| bad badly | worse | (the) worst , (), () | ||||||
| far | farther further | fartherst furtherst | ||||||
: more, most, .
| AS AS | Riga is as nice as Tallinn. ( ). | ||
| NOT SO AS | This film is not so interesting as the one. ( , ). | ||
| THAN | ( ) | He plays the piano better than his friend. ( , ). | |
| the (bigger) the (bigger) | the + - () - + /- - | The more we study the more we know. ( , ). |
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| His book is not so interesting as hers. He speaks as fast as his mother does. | , . , . | |
| This room is smaller than that one. This is a more interesting book. He speaks faster than you do. Could you explain it more clearly? | . . . ? | |
| He is the tallest in our group. This book is the most interesting I have ever read. He knows it best of all. | . , - . . | |
| His elder brother is two years older than he is. They went still farther, the fartherst end of the forest. We expect further information tomorrow. | 2 , . , . . | |
| Much, still | Today I feel much better than yesterday. The second book is much more interesting than the first and the third is more interesting. | , . , . |
1. :
strong, old, hot, large, important, fast, beautiful, long, tall, small, soon, well, great, famous, fast, little, interesting, badly, short
2. , .
1. This man is (tall) than that one. 2. Asia is (large) than Australia. 3. The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi. 4. Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 5. The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 6. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town. 7. She speaks Italian (good) than English. 8. Spanish is (easy) than German. 9. Chinese is (difficult) than English. 10. This is the (great) idea.
3. .
1. Mary is a pretty girl. 2. She has beautiful eyes. 3. It is a little house. 4. John is a good student. 5. It is a far corner in the park.
4. . .
1. My friend is taller than. 2. Shakespeare is more famous than any other English poet. 3. Name the largest city in the world. 4. Who is the greatest living artist? 5. May is hotter here than any other month.
5. .
| 1. strong 2. late 3. old 4. important 5. short 6. sharp 7. beautiful 8. warm 9. large 10. tall | Mike is than Nick. I have not heard news. He is than his sister. This work is than that work. February is month of the year. My knife is than yours. The Moscow underground is in the world. It is usually in May than in April. Moscow is city in our country. He is the of the three. |
6. , :
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| good () - better, the best; bad () - worse, the worst; little () - less, the least; much, many () -more, the most |
1. Today we have () spare time than yesterday. 2. My () friend lives in Vladivostock. 3. This is, the () interesting story in tills book. 4. Who is the ( ) boy in the class? 5. She knows English grammar () than her friend. 6. He is one of () speakers in the group. 7. I put () sugar in my tea than you. 8. My son knows English () than yours. 9. Nick is ( ) friend I have. 10. My husband has () spare time than I.
7. , , .
1. She plays the piano (well). 2. He runs (fast). 3. She speaks English (badly). 4. You dont walk (quickly). 5. He works (carefully). 6. She acts (wisely). 7. We try (hard). 8. Try to study (much). 9. We went (far). 10. Speak (loud).
8. .
1. February is... month of the year (short). 2. The Moscow underground is... in the world (beautiful). 3. He is... than I (tall). 4. This work is... than that work (good). 5. She is... than her sister (old). 6. The... port in Great Britain is London (large). 7. It is usually... in May than in April (warm). 8. He translates into English... than his friend (slowly). 9. He gets up... than his parents (early). 10. She is the... girl in her group (pretty). 11. He writes... of all his classmates (quickly). 12. I swam... than my brother (much). 13. Nina sings... than Ann (well). 14. She passed her exams... of her group (successfully). 15. My... friend lives in the Far East (good).
9. -.
1. (important) 2. (bad) 3. (interesting) 4. (attentive) 5. (exact) 6. (well) 7. (badly) 8. (far) 9. (clever) 10. (important)
10. . .
| : | - Is this wall as high as the building? ( , ?) - No, it isnt. The building is higher than the wall. (. , .) |
1. Is your old flat as comfortable as your new one? 2. Is the Azov Sea as large as the Black Sea? 3. Is the Moskva river as long as the Volga? 4. Is basket-ball as popular as football? 5. Is this book as interesting as that one?
11. .
| 1 | - Do you think its as warm today as it was yesterday? ( , , ?) - No, it isnt. The building is higher than the wall. (. , .) |
| 2 | - Do you think Moscow metro is as beautiful as Kiev metro ( , , ?) - I think Moscow metro is much more beautiful than Kiev metro. ( , , ) |
1. Do you think your book is as difficult as mine? 2. Do you think the weather will be as cold tomorrow as it was yesterday? 3. Do you think room 14 is as large as room 15? 4. Do you think the new film is as interesting as the old one? 5. Do you think this text was as long as that one?
12. as... as..., not so... as....
1. Today the wind is ( ) strong () yesterday. 2. It is () hot () it was yesterday. 3. My coat is ( ) warm () yours. 4. He is ( ) strong () his brother. 5. He has made ( ) mistakes ( ) I. 6. He is ( ) old, () he looks like. 7. This street is ( ) wide ( ) the next one. 8. Today we have written ( ) difficult dictation () yesterday. 9. The bedroom is ( ) wide ( ) living-room. 10. Volley-ball is ( ) popular () tennis. 11. Ann goes to the cinema ( ) often ( ) you do. 12. ( ) I know him, ( ) I like him. 13. ( ) we went, ( ) the streets were.
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VI.
Ø ( ) :
of ? ? ? ( )
to ? ? ( )
by/with ? ? ( )
: The book of my friend.
He gave the book to the teacher.
The letter is written with a pencil.
The article was written by my teacher.
Ø :
for - with
about , from
1. .
1. I like to read books written by Tolstoy. 2. The rooms of my flat are not large. 3. I sent a telegram to him. 4. This house is made of wood. 5. She likes to play with children. 6. I have got a telegram from her. 7. She wrote about her studies. 8. The map of the USA is on the wall. 9. The document was not signed by the director. 10. She cut the paper with the knife. 11. I showed the translation to my teacher. 12. He explained the rule to the students. 13. She likes to speak about her youth. 14. I prepared it for you.
Ø
On
to
into
 |
From
 |
Out of
in
 |
At down
Up
under
to , , (?)
from -, , (?)
on - (?)
in - (? )
into - (? )
out of - (? )
under -
over - ,
at - , , , ,
up - (?)
down - ,
between - ()
before - () = in front of
behind - ,
2. .
1. We live in Moscow. 2. The plane flew over the town. 3. He was standing at the blackboard. 4. He ran out of the room. 5. She went down the stairs. 6. He studies at our Institute. 7. A man was going between the policemen. 8. They stopped before the bookshop. 9. I looked up and saw him. 10. The dog was lying under the tree. 11. The park is behind our house. 12. He put his books into his bag. 13. The picture was on the wall. 14. He has just returned from the Black Sea. 15. I shall see him at the lecture. 16. They went to the cinema. 17. He is in his room. 18. She went into the shop. 19. I took the letter out of my pocket. 20. These flowers are from my friend. 21. They came to the railway station early.
Ø
| in | - , (in two hours), in May, in 1990, in summer, in the morning |
| about | - , (about 5 oclock) |
| at | - (at 5 oclock, at night) |
| after | - (after dinner) |
| before | - , (before the end of May) |
| by | - (by 5 oclock) |
| during | - , (during the war) |
| for | - , (for 2 hours) |
| on | - (on Sunday, on the 1st of May) |
| since | - , (since 1980) |
| till (until) | - , () (till next week) |
: this / next / last day, week, month, year, morning, evening .
: I shall finish school next year. (
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|
).
3. .
1. He returned home at night. 2. The students go home in summer. 3. I shall be at home from 2 till 5. 4. Next year I shall be the student. 5. During summer I worked at my English. 6. In a month he will go to his parents. 7. He will finish his work by Monday. 8. I get up at 7 oclock. 9. Now it is about 9 oclock. 10. Last month I was in the country. 11. He is working at the factory for 3 years. 12. He was born in 1975. 13. We shall go to the theatre on Saturday. 14. After exams I called on my parents. 15. I have no time for breakfast in the morning. 16. He left before the end of the film. 17. In a year we shall receive a new flat. 18. He left Moscow 3 years ago and I have not seen him since. 19. He went to the Caucasus for 3 weeks. 20. Our studies begin in September.
4. -.
; 6 ; ; ; ; ;
5. .
1. In a year in autumn in September I shall go home. 2. We must come on Sunday by 3 oclock. 3. I shall be at the institute at 2 oclock.
6. .
1. Our studies begin autumn. 2. He must go to Vladivostock December. 3. What do you do Sunday? 4. I shall telephone you the morning. 5. I shall see him Friday.
7. -.
, , , , , , , ,
8. .
1. The classes begin at 20 minutes to. 2. We have lecture in chemistry on Monday. 3. In January we take the exams. 4. In 1990 I entered the Institute. 5. Last month I went to the country. 6. Next year I shall go to Vladivostock. 7. Mr. Smith has returned home this year.
VII.
1) → s
2) :
Ø s (assistant director assistant director s)
: boy friend s, breakdown s, check-up s, grown-up s, take-off s
Ø s - (passer s -by)
Ø (men servant s, wo men doctor s)
3) → + s
Ø th → (cloth s, death s), (mouth mouths [mauθ - mauθz], path paths [pa:θ pa: θz])
Ø f(e) → - ves [vz]
calf calves leaf leaves shelf shelves
half halves life lives thief thieves
knife knives loaf loaves wife wives
wolf wolves
4) + en ( ) (child children, ox oxen, brother brethren ( )
5) :
Ø a sheep many sheep
Ø (deer, sheep, salmon: two deer)
Ø (pike, trout, carp, moose: two trout)
Ø series species , (He gave one series/two series of lectures).
6)
Ø - → - formula → formulae, antenna → antennae
Ø -um → -a bacterium → bacteria, medium → media
Ø -ex, -ix → -ices index → indices, codex → codices
(memorandum, ultimatum, datum)
Ø -is → -es analysis → analyses
(axis, crisis, diagnosis, basis, thesis, ellipsis,
hypothesis)
Ø -on → -a criterion → criteria
: man → men foot → feet child → children woman → women tooth → teeth mouse → mice
VIII. ( . 40)
1. - .
1) 18; 3; 3/5; 127; 2341; 7; 44; 4/5; 482; 59; 7; 81; 0,03; 11
2) , , , ; , .
| () | 1) one, two, , ten, eleven, twelve 2) 13 - 19 = (.1) + teen 3) 20 - 90 = (.1) + ty 4) 100 = a hundred 5) 1000 = a thousand 6) 1.000.000 = a million 7) a milliard (English) | thirteen, nineteen twenty, fourty, thirty, ninety, twenty-five, fifty-two 200 two hundred, 242 = two hundred and forty-two 3467 = three thousand four hundred and sixty-seven 5.000.000. = five million a billion (American) | |
| (?) | 1) (the first), (the second), (the third) 2) = + th | the sixth, the tenth, the nineteenth the eighty-first, the hundredth, the hundred and fifth, the thousandth | |
| 2 : | 1975 = nineteen seventy five 1804 = eighteen and four 1900 = nineteen hundred | ||
| ½ = half 1/3 = a third 2/3 = two thirds | ¾ = three fourths 5/6 = five sixths 1 ½ = one and a half | 0.1 = (nought) point one 2.3 = two point three 4.25 = four point twenty-five 3.02 = three point nought two (: three point o [ou] two) 25.75 = twenty-five point seventy-five (: two five point seven five) 14.105 = fourteen point one nought five (: one four point one nought five) | |
2. - :
|
|
|
12 1966 22 1700 28 2000
31 1809 11 1991 8 1980
IX.
(. . 42)
1. - ion, -ation, -ment, -ence .
to agree (), to improve (), to develop (), to determine (), to connect (), to apply (), to require (), to exist ()
2. , .
progressive, practical, special, academic, organic, valuable, chemical, periodic
3. .
Experiment, significance, culture, importance, identity, electricity, practice, theory
| -er (-or) | teacher doctor - | -ize (-ise) | magnetize - | -ic | periodic - | -ly | directly partly |
| -tion (-ision) | contribution composition - | -fy (-ify) | fortify - | -able | valuable - | -ward (wards) | forward backward |
| -ity | punctuality - | -en | lengthen - | - ible | audible | ||
| -ance -ence | existence - | -ate | separate - | -al (-ial) | cultural - | ||
| -ment | equipment - | -ful | useful - | ||||
| -ness | stiffness - | -less | useless - | ||||
| -ics | physics - | -ive | active - | ||||
| -ture (-sure) | measure nature - | -ant | important - | ||||
| -age | usage - | -ary | elementary - | ||||
| -ing | shielding - |
| Ø | |||
| un- | unequal () | im- | impossible () |
| in- | inaccuracy () | dis- | disconnect () |
| il- | illegal () | de- | demobilize () |
| ir- | irregular () | non- | non-conductor (, .. ) |
| Ø | |||
| anti- | antiaircraft () | pre- | pre-war () |
| co- | co-existence () | re- | rewrite () |
| counter- | counteract () | self- | self-acting () |
| inter- | international () | semi- | semiconductor () |
| mis- | misunderstand ( ) | sub- | subsonic () |
| ove- | overload () | super- | supersonic () |
| en- | enlarge () | ultra- | ultrasound () |
| pos- | post-war () | under- | underestimate () |
: ..
