. . , . . , . .
-
1
| - 28 2002 |
2002
:
.., , ;
..,
- -, -, .
- -- .
, - , - . , .
-, , , . , , , . - .
16 .
I. .
II. .
III. to be. there be.
IV. .
V. .
VI. .
VII. .
VIII. .
IX. .
- , - - .
I.
1.
| a [ei] | o [ou] | e [i:] | i [ai] | y [wai] | u [ju:] | |||
| I | [ei] n a me | [ou] n o te | [i:] b e | [ai] f i ne | [ai] m y | [ju:] t u ne | ||
| II | [æ] fl a t | [ ] n o t | [ e ] p e n | [ i ] | [ ] c u p | |||
| s i t | m y th | |||||||
| III | [a:] l a r ge | [:] f o r k | [:] t e r m | [:] | [:] f u r | |||
| f i r m | B y r d | |||||||
| IV | [ ] Mary | [:] more | [i ] here | [ai ] | [ju ] pure | |||
| fire | type | |||||||
|
|
|
1. 1. , :
Ø I , , ;
Ø II ;
Ø III : + r (+ );
Ø IV : + r + .
.
| ) | a [ei] - I :date, take, place, made, valence, stable, state, table, behave |
| a [æ] - II :am, man, map, Ann, lamp, have, add, halogens, fashion | |
| a + r + . [a:] - III : start, arm, large, farm, car, tart, cart, lark, park, mark | |
| a + r + [e ] - IV :care, Mary, parents | |
| b) | o [ou] - I : go, hope, coke, so, tone, smoke, no, note |
| o [ ] - II : odd, not, fond, top, spot, lot, cot, got, cock, hop | |
| o + r + . [:] - III : sport, torn, lord, cord, North, form, sort | |
| o + r + . [:] - IV : more, lore, fore, sore, pore, tore | |
| c) | e [i:] ] - I : Pete, bede, we, me, be, cede |
| e [e] - II : let, met, men, pen, end, bell, spell, test | |
| e + r + . [:] - III :her, berth, certain, certainly, certify, fertilize, berg, | |
| e + r + . [i ] - IV :here, mere, sere, cereal, feral | |
| d) | i [ai] - I :kite, five, life, mine, wise, wine, wide, wife |
| y [ai] I : fly, my, type, by, sky, dyestuff, hydrogen, hybrid | |
| i [i] - II : tin, pit, in, it, bid | |
| y [i] - II : physics, myth, system, mystery, story, many, duty | |
| i + r + . [:] - III : firm, first, sir, dirty, thirst, bird, girl | |
| y + r + . [:] - III : Myrtle | |
| i + r + . [ai ] - IV : ire, mire, tired, fire, dire, hire | |
| y + r + . [ai ] - IV : tyre, lyre, yre, pyre, gyre, byre | |
| ) | u [ju:] - I : use, tube, suitable, future, nucleus, nuclear, peculiar |
| u [ ] - II : up, us, cup, hurry, just, such, structure, plus, number | |
| u + r + . [:] - III : fur, burn, burst, turn, curd, curl | |
| u + r + . [ju ] - IV : cure, pure, during, curring, lure |
2.
| ai ay | [ei] | Spain day | oo | [u:] | too |
| ea ee | [i:] | sea meet | ou ow | [au] | out brown |
| ew | [ju:] | new | ai + r | [ ] | chair |
| oi oy | [ i] | point boy | ee + r ou + r | [i ] [au ] | engineer our |
| oo + k | [u] | book | oo + r | [:] | door |
3. ( 2). .
| ai [ei] ay [ei] ea [i:] ee [i:] ew [ju:] oy [oi] oi [oi] oo + k [u] oo [u:] ou [au] ow [au] ai +r [ ] ear [i ] eer [i ] | - rain, brain, main, pain, mail, saint - may, pay, nay, day, bay - read, clean, please, reveal, increase, repeat, eat, easy, deal - see, beef, need, deep, deed, seed - new, news, mew, few, dew, hew - boy, loy, toy, joy, troy, royal - voice, coin, point, join, loin - book, look, took, hook - tool, pool, moon, food, soon - out, house, around, about, cloud, out - brown, town, sit down, bow, how - air, pair, fair, chair, hair, stair - near, clear, fear, rear, dear - deer, leer, engineer, seer, beer |
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our [au ] (ow + .) - hour, sour, flour, our, power, shower, tower
oo + [:] - door, floor
. , .
| [si:] | 1. , i, y 2. , , , | [s] [k] | 1. c ent, pen c il, i c y 2. c ap. c ome, c up, bla c k |
| g [d i:] | 1. e, i, 2. , , , | [d ] | 1. pa g e, g in, g ypsy |
| [g] | 2. g ood. g rin, bi g | ||
| s [es] | 1. , 2. , | [s] | 1. s it, s tudent, li s t s 2. plea s e, tie s, pen s |
| x [eks] | 1. 2. | [ks] | 1. text. six, mixer 2. exam, exact |
4. 3, . :
[s] - place, face, valence, voice, civil, icy
[k] - cap, can, came, coin, clean, cake
g [d ] - page, gin, gym, Jane, age
g [g] - game, glad, go, good
s [s] - smoke, so, sport, safe, seed, struggle, lips, likes, takes
s [zj - bags, cars, wise, rise, prose, nose. rose, has, is, goes
x [ks] - box, fox, exception, oxides, experiments, extra
x [gz] ( ) - examine, example, exact, exotic
4.
| sh | [ ] | sh e | |
| ch | [t ] | ch eese | |
| tch | [t ] | ma tch | |
| ck | [k] | bla ck | |
| th | 1. 2. , | [ ] [ ] | th ick, my th th is, ba th e |
| wh | 1. , 0 2. 0 | [w] [h] | wh at wh o wh o |
| qu | [kw] | qu estion | |
| g | [ ] | lon g | |
| nk | [ k] | tha nk | |
| wr | [r] | wr ite |
5. ( 4). :
sh [ ] - she. fish, shell, sheet, ship, dash, shine, shock, shy, dish, fashion
ch, tch [t ] - chess, teach, match, chain, fetch, cheek, chin, choke
ck [k] - back, lack, sick, lucky, attack, black, clock, deck, flock
th [ ] - thick, thin, faith, theme, three, tenth, fifth, tooth, teeth
th [ ] - this, that, these, those, the, bathe, them, then, with
wh [w] - what, wheat, where, whether, when, wheel
wh [h] - who, whom, whole, whoop, wholly
qu [kw] - require, acquaintance, quite, quick
ng [ ] - bang, sang, sing, long, song, thing, bring, strong
ing [i ] - feeling, building, surprising, looking, opening, cleaning
nk [k] - bank, sank, sink, think, drink, ink, thank, tank
wr [rl - write, wreck, wrestle, wring, wrist
5. .
| 1 | 1. k 2. . | [:] [:1] | ch al k al so |
| wor | c | [w ] [w^] | wor k, wor d want |
| wa | 1. ( ). 2. r | [w:] [w:] | wa nt wa rm |
| igh | [ai] | l igh t |
6. 5. - . , :
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1 [:] - chalk, walk, talk, wall, also, all, almost, already, always, although
wor [w:] - work, word, worth, world
wa [w ] -want, was, wash, wasp, watch, wand, watt
w + [w:] - war, ward, warm, warn, wardrobe
igh [ai| - light, bright, flight, night, highly, height
6. .
| 1. + 2. | [i] [ ] | comrade ['komrid] library ['laibr ri] | |
| 1. , l, r, . 2. 2. + | [i] [ ] | begin [bi'gin] telephone [teli'foun] paper ['peip ] sentence ['sent ns] | |
| i y | r | [i] | mistake [mis'teik] Ministry ['ministri] |
| o | 1. , l 2. | [ou] | lesson ['lesn] also [':lsou] |
| u | 1. + 2. | [ju:] [ ] | institute ['institju:t] difficult ['difik It] |
7. /.
x [z] ( ) - xylem, xenon, xylophone
ph [f] - physics, phenomenon, photo, phase, phonetics
-tion [ ()n] - education, administration, admiration, composition, dislocation
-ture [t ] - agriculture, mixture, adventure, departure
-sure [ ] pleasure, measure, treasure
-sion [ n] division, conclusion, occasion
y [j] ( ) your, yeast, yes, yellow, you
qu [k] ( ) technique, unique
8. :
type, cat, rose, zone, day, tree, new, yet, much, yes, cycle, fact, deck, reek, stock, trice, safe, is, beds, takes, thin, theme, fifth, match, nice, go, lock, dome, blue, load, roam, analysis, phisics, mystery, system, every, clearly, duty
II.
. .
Ø
      -
| , , | |||||||||||
n Sunday I met him in the park.
1. .
1. My elder sister has two sons. 2. We shall write to you. 3. I didnt find anybody there. 4. He speaks loudly. 5. This is easy text.
2. .
1. I hear Mary's voice in the next room. 2. They showed me my room. 3. He gave
the letter to his wife. 4. I see her smiling face. 5. Give me a better pencil, please.
3. .
1. We went (at 7 o'clock, to the theatre). 2. Felix lives (now, in France). 3. I'll meet you (tomorrow, at the station). 4.I went (last month, to Leningrad). 5. I did it (yesterday, at the laboratory).
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4. . :
1. saw, yesterday, film, he, a new. 2. sister, book, read, an interesting, my. 3. speak, you, well, English. 4. a letter, month, I, them, last, sent. 5. the exams, passed, I successfully, all, to the Institute. 6. him, we, in the cinema, met. 7. in Kiev, his parents, live.
Ø
¨ ( ; ):
| , , | ||||||||
| Do | you | speak | English | well? |
5. .
1. John has a little dog. 2. The dog is in the yaed. 3. He studies at the Institute. 4. They saw this film. 5. We shall come tomorrow.
¨ ( ):
| - | - | , , | ||||||||
| How | did | you | write | the test | yesterday? |
(who, what):
| , , | ||||||
| Who | read | this book | yesterday? |
6. .
1. I like dogs. 2. We saw an interesting film yesterday. 3. He lives in the country. 4. She speaks English well. 5. My mother invited many guests. 6. We have three lectures today. 7. I sent him a telegram. 8. I paid 10 roubles for this book.
7. , .
1. my, mother, did, where, go. 2. yesterday, she, did, what, buy. 3. will, him, when, you, see. 4. like, you, to read, do, books. 5. go, with, me, will, who. 6. busy, are, you. 7. translate, did, this, article, he, how.
III. TO BE
(. . 13)
1. . :
Ø ) (am, is, are):
1. Ann and Mary good friends. 2. My sister a student. 3. Her friends students, too. 4. The walls in this room yellow. 5. I at home now. 6. Their classroom large.
| Present Tense | Past Tense | Future Tense | |||
| I am You are He She is It | We are You are They are | I was You were He She was It | We were You were They were | I shall be You will be He She will be It | We shall be You will be They will be |
| I am a student. ( -) You are a student, too. ( ) He is in the class-room. ( ) She is a teacher. ( ) It is winter. () We are at the lecture. ( ) You are engineers. ( ) They are at the plant. ( ) | I was a student. ( ) You were a student, too. ( ) He was in the classroom. ( ) She was a teacher. ( ) It was winter. ( ) We were at the lecture. ( ) You were engineers. ( ) They were at the plant. ( ) | I shall be a student. ( ) You will be a student, too. ( ) He will be in the classroom. ( ) She will be a teacher. ( ) It will be winter. ( ) We shall be at the lecture. ( ) You will be engineers. ( ) They will be at the plant. ( ) | |||
Ø ) (was, were):
1. in Kiev last year. 2. My mother a student twenty years ago. 3. They on an excursion yesterday. 4. The students at the library before classes. 5. John absent yesterday because he ill.
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Ø ) (shall be, will be):
1. This young man an engineer next year. 2. I glad to see you. 3. He busy tomorrow morning. 4. We at your place at 7 oclock. 5. It easy to understand this text.
2. to be , :
today , now , yesterday , last week , last month , last year , tomorrow , next week , next month , next year
1. Mike and his friends at the cinema now. 2. They in the South last summer. 3. We there tomorrow at 5 oclock. 4. It a very cold winter last year. 5. He busy at the conference today. 6. They at home tomorrow morning. 7. His English very poor last year. 8. I very glad to meet you next year. 9. My friend and I at the meeting yesterday. 10. I a first year student now.
1) am, 2) is, 3) are, 4) was, 5) were, 6) will be, 7) shall be
THERE BE
| There There | Is are | a book four seasons | on the table. in a year. |
there be: , , , .
, .
: Is there a book on the table?
Are there four seasons in a year?
Will there be many students at the lecture?
: There isnt a book on the table.
There are no books on the table.
There wont be many students at the lecture.
1. .
1. There are many people in our country who work and study. 2. There is a new grammar rule in this lesson. 3. Are there many students at the evening department of our University? 4. There were 25 students in our group last year. 5. How many new buildings were there in this street? 6. There are many flowers in my house. 7. Is there anybody there? 8. There were two mistakes in my dictation yesterday. 9. There is a nice park near my house. 10. There is nothing interesting in this newspaper. 11. Is there a telephone there? 12. There are many theatres in this city and they are very good. 13. There is a map and some pictures on the wall. 14. There are no new words in that text. 15. There is no teacher in our classroom. 16. There will be a new cinema there.
IV.
Ø
(. . 16)
1. .
1. lives in Moscow. 2. go into their classroom and sit down at the tables. 3. Does sometimes meet his friends at the office? Yes, does. 4. have our English in the morning. 5. doesnt speak English to her teacher. 6. dont learn French. 7. Do have lessons in the morning? 8. Do have his French in the morning or in the evening? 9. doesnt often write sentences on the blackboard. 10. We live in a new flat. is very large.
| I | II | |||||||||||||
| ( ) | ||||||||||||||
| 1 - 2 - 3 - | I you he she it | , , , | me you him her it | , , , , , , , , , ( ) | my your his her its | room | , , | This room is | mine yours his hers its | |||||
| ( , ) | ( ) | |||||||||||||
  
| 1 - 2 - 3 - | we you they | us you them | , , , | our your their | room | This room is | our your their | ||||||
| ( - ) | ||||||||||||||
2. , - . -.
: She speaks with John. ( ).→ She speaks with him. ( .)
I like this book very much. ( ). → I like it very much. ( ).
1. He speaks with Helen in English. 2. He goes with John and William to the University. 3. She studies this book every day. 4. I borrow these books from the library. 5. The teacher asks Mary and me.
3. .
1. Do you know (he)? 2. They invite (we) to the party. 3. And do you invite (they)? 4. Ask (she) to come, too. 5. Mary speaks with (I).
4. .
1. The teacher is helping the students to translate the article. 2. Mother will send Mary to buy the tickets. 3. The man gave the books to the boy. 4. My friend is going to write a letter to his sisters. 5. These books are not for children. 6. Our students work hard at English.
5. .
1. John is with (I, me). 2. I like (she, her) very much. 3. He studies with (us, we). 4. I know (she, her) very well. 5. I want to study with (they, them). 6. I understand (she, her) very well. 7. He speaks with (we, us) in English every day. 8. He studies in the same class with (me, I). 9. I go to school with (them, they). 10. I met (he, him) earlier.
6. - .
1. family, 2. sister, 3. institute, 4. teacher, 5. friend, 6. book
7. , .
: This is my book. → This book is mine.
1. This is her bag. 2. This is their flat. 3. This is your pen. 4. This is my institute. 5. This is our school.
8. -, .
1. (her, hers) composition is the best one. 2. He is (my, mine) friend. 3. This is (my, mine) book. 4. This book is (my, mine). 5. Is (her, hers) family large or small? 6. Dont stay at (their, theirs) house; stay at (our, ours). 7. She is in (her, hers) room. 8. Is this dictionary (my, mine) or (your, yours)? 9. Mrs. Smith is (our, ours) teacher. 10. I know (your, yours) sister.
9. .
1. Tom opened book. 2. She told me about sister. 3. I put on coat and hat and went out. 4. They always do homework in the reading-room. 5. He will go to Saratov with wife and his children. 6. I cut hand (finger). 7. You can invite friends. 8. They are speaking with teacher.
10. - -:
1. This is my dictionary. 2. He put some money into his pocket. 3. They will go to the theatre with their friends. 4. She likes to speak about her children. 5. Ill ask my brother to buy this book. 6. Well return to our flat. 7. Your family is not large. 8. This is not his pen.
11. . (my, your, our) (him, her, it, them) one self ( ) selves ( ).
| myself yourself himself herself itself | ourselves yourselves themselves themselves themselves | oneself |
12. .
1. I asked (). 2. She looked at (). 3. He doesnt like to speak about (). 4. We asked (). 5. Can you dress ()?
13. :
1. I wash myself every morning. 2. He shaves himself. 3. We enjoy ourselves. 4. Pete hurt himself when he fell. 5. The child dresses himself.
14. :
1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. ?
Ø
| Who is your mother? ? | WHO( ) They boy who is standing near the window is my brother. , . | ||
| Whom will you invite? ? | WHOM(, , ) The guests whom I invited will come tomorrow. , , . | ||
| Whose book is this? ? | WHOSE() The doctor whose name is famous will examine him. , , . | ||
| What has happened? ? What is your opinion? ? | WHAT () I know what has happened. , . I saw what he was doing. , . | ||
| Which of you will help me? . | WHICH() The film which I saw yesterday was very interesting. , , . | ||
| THAT() He was the only man there that I knew well. , . | |||
1. , :
1. This is the book you gave me. 2. I met my friend had returned from Kiev. 3. Ann translated the letter she had received. 4. This is the boy book we have found. 5. The text we are reading is very difficult. 6. colour is this flower? 7. speaks English well? 8. do you like more? 9. pictures are these? 10. I dont know the man about you are speaking. 11. The letter I sent him was very short. 12. I noticed he was doing. 13. did you give the translation? 14. did you hear about them? 15. I know is the author of this book. 16. Do you want to speak to the student studies well? 17. I know are the results of their work. 18. The book I have bought will be necessary.
2. , , :
I get up at 7 oclock and go to the Institute.
Who? When? Where?
? ? ?
They have three lectures a day.
Who? How many?
? ?
I meet my friendevery day.
Whom? How often?
? ?
He wrote an interesting letter to his friend.
What?
?
Our English lessons usually last two hours.
How long?
?
3. , , :
l. When 2. What 3. Who 4. How often
5. How many 6. How long 7. Where
1. The student read a lot of English books last year. 2. His sister gets letters from her friend every month. 3. The students usually go home after classes. 4. Ann translated three letters into English; yesterday. 5. Their working day lasts eight hours. 6. He lived in Kiev five years ago. 7. My friend usually gets up at 7 o'clock. 8. His wife spent her holiday in the country. 9. We have English two times a week. 10. She learns a foreign language.
4. , :
1. She is always at home in the evening. 2. The books are on the shelf. 3. His wife is in the garden. 4. This is a difficult sentence. 5. His parents are in Kiev. 6. The children are at school at this time. 7. My mother is 60 years old. 8. It is a post-office. 9. I sent a telegram to my sister. 10. I am Betty Smith.
5. , which, that, who, whose, whom :
1. I met Harry () had just returned. 2. He has found the pen () he lost yesterday. 3. Here is the book () you gave me. 4. This is the boy () exercise is done well. 5. In our group there are a lot of students () speak English well. 6. The text () we've read in class is very difficult. 7. Do you want to speak to the student () is here? 8. The letter () I received from my sister was very short. 9. I dont know the engineer about () you are speaking. 10. The picture () I have seen at the exhibition is very beautiful.
Ø
   
| much () many little () few |
| I have very little (much) time. | He has few (many) friends. |
a few, a little ,
I have a few books of this writer.
He has got a little time.
1. MUCH / MANY.
1. people want to see this film. 2. You havent got... time. 3. Did you pay... money for your watch? 4. How... time does it take you to get home? 5. How... apples did you buy yesterday? 6. He has... friends. 7. I dont have... work to do. 8. I have read... on this subject. 9. He has bought... milk and bread. 10. I havent... English books.
2. little, few, a little, a few.
1. He has knowledge of this question (). 2. There are pictures in this book (). 3. I have cheese (). 4. There are tickets (). 5. He said words about himself (). 6. May I have water, please (). 7. Youve bought meat ().
Ø SOME, ANY, NO
some ( ) any ( ) , .
| SOME , -, | ANY -, -, , | NO , | |||||
 body
one
| somebody, someone, -, - | anybody anyone | - - | nobody no one none | |||
| SOME , -, | ANY -, -, , | NO , | |||||
| thing | something -, - | anything | - | nothing | |||
  where
| somewhere -, -, - | anywhere | - - - - | nowhere | |||
1. , :
  :
| There is something in the box There is nothing in the box. Is there anything in the box? ( ) ( ) |
1. There is somebody in the room. 2. I met him somewhere. 3. He has bought something for breakfast. 4. He telephoned someone yesterday. 5. I shall go somewhere in summer. 6. She knows something about it.
2. :
1. Do you see anybody here? 2. Are there any students? 3. Did you say anything to her? 4. Did you put your money anywhere? 5. Is anybody ready for the test? 6. Must we go anywhere today? 7. Is there anything in his pocket.
3. :
1. We didnt find (any, some) chalk. 2. We didnt go (anywhere, nowhere, somewhere). 3. I saw (somebody, anybody, nobody) m the hall. 4. There isnt (somebody, nobody, anybody) at the door. 5. She told her (something, nothing, anything). 6. There is not (any, some, no) coffee. 7. They didnt find (anybody, somebody, nobody) in the house. 8. I have not (any, some, no) books in French.
4. :
1. I saw at the window (-). 2. Is there new (-)? 3. There is in the room (). 4. We have not told about it (). 5. Please, give me to eat (-). 6. I can buy as I have no money (). 7. Was there absent (-)? 8. Where can I get to drink (-)? 9. I want to go to see this film (-). 10. Have you seen my watch ( -)? 11. He knows about it (). 12. When I returned, was at home (). 13. I have books in English (). 14. telephoned me (-). 15. We can hear (). 16. He could not find his copy-book ().
ANY SOME. .
1. , , , :
1. meat
Student A. Lets take some
apples
Student B. Lets. The meat is
good
The apples are
2. St. A. Shall we also take some oil?
St. B. No, we dont need any oil. We have some oil at home.
| : | A B | cheese, beef, pens, pencils, cigarettes, oil, eggs, coffee, fish, paper, note-books, potatoes nice, cheap, good, not expensive, pretty, big |
()
, ,
 |
all / every all / every
Most most
Many many
Some some
Several several
A few a few
Few few
no(one)
Any
(
)
, ( ) , everybody, everything , ..
