CIR (. Committed Information Rate) PVC Frame Relay
B(c) (bits committed, Committed Burst Size), B(e) (bits excess) T(c) (Committed Rate Measurement Interval). B(c) , T(c) , B(e) , T(c) , : , B(c) DE .
, :
CIR=B(c)/T(c)
EIR=(B(c) + B(e))/T(c) ( )
FR- CIR, .
CIR EIR FR- , , T(c) , RFC 3133 (Terminology for Frame Relay Benchmarking) CIR T(c) , CIR, T(c)=B(c)/CIR, TCP Sliding Window.
OSI. ATM : , ATM ATM. , OSI ( 1). ATM , .. , OSI. ATM , , OSI, ATM- .
ATM, OSI , . ATM , , ATM. ATM , ATM ATM . ATM Forum 155 ( " " 5, " " 1, ) 622 / ( ).
ATM
ATM , . ATM OSI, , OSI . ATM , , , 5- ATM. , , ATM .
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ATM
OSI , . ATM ATM ATM, QoS. AAL (ATM Adaptation Layer), . ATM, . AAL ATM.