, [Al4] [SO4], , .
, [AlO4]5-Na+. - - .
, :
- -, . ,
- -, , .
, , .
[Al4] , , . 2/Al23 .
8. , . .
. =3;4. [3]3-. - [4]3- .
. , . .
(450).
. [4]. [4]5++.
[3] [4]. , , 20%, .
, . , . , , . - , , . , .
9. . . . .
. : , , , , .
|
|
:
F=ŋ*S(dV/dx)
F-
ŋ ( )
S-
dV/dx- .
ν ŋ , .. ν = ŋ/d. , ν, .. 1/ ν, .
(1500-25) 16-18 . 1019-1020 *, 10 *.
( g), , , ( f). (g -f ) .
( f ) :
ŋ =* ŋ/RT
ŋ
R
,
.
- , .. , . g.
.
.
lg ŋ | |||
(102 *) , . ( 102 *).
(102-105,5 *). 102-107 *. - 108 *.
- , (106,6*),
- (108*), (1010 *),
|
|
- g- (1012,3 *)
- (1012 10 13,5 *).
1013,5 * .
. , 102 108 *. 250-500. .
1012 1013,5*. , .
-1012 *, 3 . 95% , - 1013,5 * 5% . 50 - 150. , .. . 400-600.
. . 1400 109 *. , .. , .
. - .
- .
MgO-CaO-SrO-BaO BaO, . , .. . ZnO, CdO, PbO, B2O3 ( 15%). Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2 . , .
10 ×.
(, , , ) 103 ×, .
. 106,6 ×, ( ).
(Tsoftening) . 106,6 × . ~0,7 24 . , 1 /, 10 5 /.
.
Mg , -
, . , Mg 109,51010 ×.
Tstr, Tan, Mg, Tg, Tf ; Tstr, Twork Tmelt .
102 - ;
106,6 ;
108 ;
1010 ;
|
|
1012,3 g;