:
270102 -
270104 -
270105 -
270115 -
: . . , . . . .
624.012.35:624.072.23.(07)
. . : 270102 ,270104 - ,270105 - ,270115 - /.: . . .; . . . -. . . : - , 2002.- 34 .
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1.
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h = l0 /20 .
1500, 3000 . 1000, 750 500 .
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(.1):
(1)
. 1
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(. . 1) 1 2 /2 .
2.
, b = 120 , l = 6 .
2.1
1 2 . 1
1
. . | , /2 | . . | , /2 | |
1. | : δ = 25 δ = 15 | 1,1 1,3 | ||
( ) | 1,1 | |||
2. | (. ), | 1,2 1,2 1,2 |
:
25, /.. 8(1) -.
Rbn = Rb,ser = 18,5 ; Rb = 14,5 ; γb2 = 0,9; Rbtn = Rbt,ser = 1,6 ; Rbt = 1,05 ; σ = 30000 .
-- Rsn = 785 ; Rs = 690 ; Es = 190000 .
: -1 Rs = 360 /Es = 17×104 ; d = 5 , Rsw = 260 /; -II/ Rs = 280 / -1.
-- .
40%.
:
3- (. 2(1); acrc = 0,3 acrc = 0,2 ).
/ 6 < l < 10 /(2) / f / = 2,5 .
2.2
: / 5 h ≤ 60 ; 10 h ³ 60 /, b = /0,35-0,4/ h = 0,4×60 = 25 .
:
1 1,2 / gn = 0,95/:
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g = 3667×1,2×0,95 = 4180 /;
g+p = /3667+7200/×1,2×0,95 = 113040 H/.
1 :
g = 3290×1,2×0,95 = 3750 H/
g + V = /3290+6000/×1,2×0,95 = 10590 H/,
:
/3290+4500/×1,2×0,95 = 8880 H/.
2.3
:
:
:
2.4
(. 2): - h = l0 /20 = 588/20 = 30 c, h0 = h-a = 30-3 = 27 , bg = bn -1 = 120- -1 = 119 c, b'f = bn - 2×2,5 = 120-5 = 115 , hf = 5 , 7 .
(. 2) : b'f = 115 c, h'1/h = 5/30 = 0,167 > 0,1, ( ) bf = 115 , :
. 2. : )
)
2.5
8 l0 = 115-2×8 = = 99 , 8 .
1 2 :
q = g + g1 + v = (917 + 1375 + 7200)×0,95 = 9017 /2, g v . 1.;
g1 = h'f×1×1×g×gf = 0,05×1×1×25000×1,1 = 1375 /2 .
1
h0 = 5-1,5 = 3,5 .
& 3 -1 Rs = 375 :
. 111.1 (2) η = 0,975,
10 & 3 -1 S = 100 As = 0,71 2.
2.6
= 5634900 . , :
. III.1(2) j = x/h0 = 0,052, η = 0,972. x = j×h0 = 0,052×27 = 1,38 c < < h'f = 5 c .
w = 0,85 0,008 Rb = 0,85 0,008×0,9×14,5 = 0,75 .
,
sSR = Rs + 400- ssp2 = 680+400-270 = 810 .
:
ssp = 0,6 Rsn = 0,63785 = 470 , ssp2 = gsp×ssp× 0,7 = 0,84×470×0,7 = 270
0,3 Rs + p < ssp ≤ Rs-p, l :
ssp + = 470+90 = 560 < Rsn = 785 . .
np = 2- .
gsp = 1 -∆gsp = 1-0,16 = 0,84.
ssp = = 0,84×470 = 385 .
: ssp2 = 0,7×385 = 270 .
-1, -, -1, -11, -7 -19 j < jR Rs gs6, (27)(1):
gs6 = η-(η- 1)(2 j/jR -1) ≤ η,
η , :
-1Ӆ...1,2
-, -11, -II, K-7 -19...1,15
-11,1
.
- gs6 = η = 1,15:
2 & 14 - s = 3,08 2.
2.7.
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(76) (1):
φb2 = 2-, / φb2 = 2- /.
φn , (78) (1):
= 0,7×385×3,08(100) = 270×3,08(100) = 83160 . - , 0,7 . φn = 0,21. φf , , (77) (1):
b'f = b +3 h'f = 14 + 3×5 = 29 .
1 + φf + φn ≤ 1,5. 1 + φf + φn = 1,5,
> 2 h0 = 2×27 = 54 . C = = 2 h0 = 54 ,
>19168 ,
, . l/4 & 4 -1 S = = h /2 = = 15 c. 3 h /4 = 3×30/4 = 25
2.8.
2- .
(.2) :
:
Ared = A + aAs = 116×5 + 14×25 + 6,35×3,08 = 949,6 c2.
:
Sred = 116×5×27,5 + 14×25×12,5 + 6,35×3,08×3 = 20383 c4.
:
:
Jred = (116×53/12 =+ 116×5×62) + (14×253/12 + 14×25×92) + 6,35×3,08×18,52 = 68667 4.
:
.
:
.
, //, :
//:
φn = 1,6- sb/Rb,ser = 1,6-0,75 = 0,85.
sb/Rb,ser 0,75 . II.5 (2).
Wpl = g' Wred = 1,75×3194 = 5589 3,
g' = 1,75- .
W'pl = 1,5×8078 = 12117 3, g = 1,5- b'f/b > 2 h'f/h < 0,2.
:
s1 = 0,03× ssp = 0,03×470 = 14,1 ;
s2 = 0, .
P1 = As(ssp-s1) = 3,03×(470-14,1)×(100) = 140000 .
eop = y0-d = 21,5-3 = 18,5 .
:
:
Rbp = 12,8 .
1 :
.. = (0,14×0,25 + 1,16×0,05×25000) = 11330 ×,
sbp/Rbp = 8,1/12,8 = 0,634 > 0,57 = a,
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a = 0,25 + 0,025×12,8 = 0,57 < 0,8
b = 5,25-0,185 Rbp = 5,25-0,185×12,8 = 2,89 > 2,5
b = 2,5,
slos1 = s1 + s6 = 14,1 + 31 = 45,1
s8 = 35 .
sbp/Rb = 0,634 < 0,75
s9 = 150 a sbp/Rbp = 150×0,57×0,634 = 54,2
slos2 = s8 + s9 = 35 + 54,2 = 89,2
slos = slos1 + slos2 = 45,1 + 89,2 = 134 > 100 , .. .
2 = 3 (ssp - slos) = 3,08 (470-134) (100) = 104400 .
.
n = 45762 .
:
M crc = Rbt,ser Wpl + Mrp = 1,6×5589 + 18710 = 27660
gsp = 0,84:
Mrp = P2 (eop + r) = 0,84×104400 (18,5 + 2,85) = 1871000 = 18710 .
n = 45,76 > crc = 27,66 , , , .
, ssp = 1,16.
. . = 1133000 . P1(eop-Zinf)-Mc.. ≤ Rbtp×W'pl, 1,16×140000(18,5-7,23)- -1133000 = 697248 .
Rbtp×W'pl = 1×12117(100) = 1211700 .
697248 < 1211700 , : Rbtp 1 Rbp = 12,8 .
, .
: = 38372 , = 45762 .
Z1 = h0 0,5×h'f = 27 0,5×5 = 24,5 ; eSN = = 0, - :
WS = AS×Z1 = 3,08×24,5 = 75,5 2 .
:
:
& 14 .
φl = 1,5
acrc = acrc1 acrc2 + acrc3 = 0,18 0,114 + 0,172 = 0,238 < /0,3 /.
acrc = acrc3 = 0,172 < /0,2 /
/ /.
= 38372 ; gsp = 1:
Ntot = P2 = 104400 .
es, tot = M/Ntot = = 0,367 = 36,7.
φl = 0,8
Mrp = P2(es,tot-r) = 104400(35,8-7,23) = 2900000 = 29 ..
cs,
Ab = 116×5 = 580 c, cb = 0,9, lb = 0,15 , 's = 0
f = l20r-1 = ×5882×3,82×10-5 = 0,138 c < /2,5 /.
2.9. , ,
, 0,8 .
. 3. ,
Ntot :
q.. = 0,14×0,25 + 1,16×0,05 ´ 25000×1,1 = 2325 /; .. = q..l2/2 = = = 744 .
0
. 111.1(2) h = 0,89,
.
, 2016 A-II As = 4,02 2.
1. 2.03.01. 84. . . .: , 1985. 79 .
2. . ., . . : . .: , 1985. 728 ., .
3. : / . .: ., 1987. 416 .
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