- | -20 | - | |
, % | 70 | 65 2 | 67 2 |
20, ― -4 ― -1 ( 5,4 ) | - 50100 | 90300 - | - 4060 |
201, | 28 | 0,54 | |
, /2 | 140160 | 130150 | 150170 |
, | 0,50,8 | 0,50,8 | 0,50,6 |
, | 1822 | 120130 | 1820 |
, | 23 | 6090 1 | 1,52 |
, , |
. 2.5.
2.4
303.0 | Rakoll Duplit AL | Bindan-F | 102.70 | Cascol 3339 | |
1. | |||||
2. | 5% 303.5 | 5 . . Rakoll Duplit | 5% 195. 40 | ||
3. 20: ― | . | . | 12 | . | 6 |
― | 24 | 5 | 5 | ||
4. | |||||
5. , /2 | 120200 | 180200 | 130170 | 150200 | 60200 |
6. , | 610 | 911 | 1014 | 58 | max 4 |
7. , | max 7 | ||||
8. , /2 | 0,7―1,0 | 0,1―0,5 | 0,7 | ³ 0,2 | 0,1―1,0 |
9. , : 20 50 80 | 15 5 2 | 1525 | 60 30 10 | 30 4 1,5 | 25 2 ³ 2 |
10. : ― ― | D4 D3 | D4 | D3 | D4 D3 | D3 |
, , ./,
(2.27) |
n , .;
t , ;
z , .;
, ( = 0,70,85).
: 1000×800 , 20, 303.0 1200×800 20º. 50 .
. , , 1. . 2.5. 303.0 20º 20 . 25 . :
./.
|
|
k
k = m - 1, | (2.28) |
m ,
(2.29) |
B b , .
k =16 1=15
, g, , :
(2.30) |
S , 2;
, /2 (. 2.4-2.5).
. . . , ./, :
(2.31) |
U , /;
n , .;
l , ;
B , ;
∑l , , ;
m , .;
, (=0,80,9; =0,750,85).
:
(2.32) |
(2.33) |
b s , .
n .
, ./, :
(2.34) |
N ;
L , ;
∑l , , ;
, ( = 0,70,85).
. , ./, 800×624 , 3 . 400 6 . . 300 , 10 /, 3.
. (b = 4060 ) , 12 52 800 . , :
.
n = 7 .
m = 2.
:
./.
:
./.
.
: 26 ./.
, , , .
1 - -1, -2.
|
|
(, ), , , - (-2, -2), - (-1, -2), . .
, ./, - :
c (-2)
./. | (2.35) |
(-2)
./, | (2.36) |
, (k=0,70,85);
z () ;
t ,
(2.37) |
H , ;
l , ;
d , ;
Uo , / (Uo = 0,5-1,0 /);
t = 20―50 c;
(-1, Rover, Wekke . .)
(2.38) |
z .
, (=0,70,85);
. :
(-5, -7)
(2.39) |
U , / (U = 3-6 /);
, ( = 0,12 );
n ( ), .;
L , ;
B , (B=0,3―0,5 );
ρ , 1,5;
α (α = 1; 2; 3);
z , .
2 9(10), Butfering . .
(2.40) |
U , /;
L , ;
m , .;
n , .;
, ( = 0,80,9; = 0,900,95).
. 3.1. , .
3.1
5, 24 1, 29 | 11, 59 52, 86 | 1, 46 15, 72 | 20, 67 48, 61 | 27, 85 2, 33 | 4, 53 51, 47 | 2, 52 10, 62 | 22, 74 26, 48 | 5, 53 49, 38 | 1, 88 60, 39 | ||
3, 60 29, 68 | 38, 91 53, 99 | 4, 76 41, 70 | 45, 92 28, 73 | 7, 94 47, 86 | 14, 90 27, 46 | 10, 61 24, 88 | 16, 67 26, 92 | 8, 81 16, 99 | 17, 73 9, 24 | ||
19, 70 51, 87 | 2, 54 11, 34 | 21, 60 1, 55 | 16, 84 20, 69 | 31, 95 3, 61 | 48, 80 18, 90 | 22, 61 37, 56 | 15, 89 14, 78 | 26, 68 38, 85 | 40, 82 17, 64 | ||
49, 87 36,59 | 37, 89 28, 50 | 41, 51 35, 83 | 6, 58 46, 98 | 36, 88 23, 89 | 27, 75 34, 98 | 14, 51 42, 62 | 23, 77 22, 63 | 25, 66 16, 100 | 33, 64 8, 91 | ||
12, 85 54, 79 | 24, 81 19, 70 | 9, 57 41, 97 | 15, 62 30, 45 | 7, 69 13, 93 | 40, 54 23, 37 | 39, 78 43, 92 | 35, 93 20, 77 | 28, 80 44, 100 | 20, 72 50, 81 | ||
2, 86 33, 75 | 10, 82 74, 84 | 29, 63 25, 66 | 34, 87 32, 64 | 50, 92 4, 94 | 30, 68 12, 31 | 11, 64 30, 89 | 44, 76 44, 76 | 5, 58 7, 70 | 37, 79 27, 77 | ||
42, 95 43, 65 | 33, 83 6, 95 | 44, 77 17, 87 | 13, 66 55, 96 | 50, 74 5, 67 | 25, 73 56, 97 | 17, 67 5, 82 | 42, 59 57, 72 | 19, 79 39, 49 | 41, 83 58, 65 | ||
6, 63 54, 76 | 49, 93 6, 80 | 28, 62 12, 67 | 43, 84 21, 95 | 46, 57 32, 63 | 3, 55 52, 66 | 47, 92 21, 60 | 12, 55 15, 91 | 23, 69 4, 93 | 30, 71 15, 84 | ||
32, 85 53, 74 | 18, 51 13, 85 | 35, 78 35, 68 | 18, 65 7, 90 | 43, 79 11, 96 | 29, 88 36, 94 | 36, 75 45, 57 | 38, 72 18, 71 | 8, 70 8, 58 | 34, 90 3, 83 | ||
48, 94 14, 69 | 26, 71 1, 42 | 31, 93 10, 40 | 9, 64 59, 88 | 45, 56 19, 81 | 13, 56 2, 71 | 32, 86 9, 25 | 47, 65 40, 75 | 39, 91 22, 82 | 46, 95 31, 73 |
|
|
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|
|
26. . , , .
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33. . . , , .
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52. . , , . .
53. . , , . .
|
|
54. . , , . .
55. . . -, , .
56. . . , .
57. . . , , .
58. . . , , .
59. . . , , .
60. . . . . , .
61. . . , , .
62. . , , .
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64. . , , .
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94. - . , , .
95. . . .
110. - , ./, H max, × , s . , Σ S , t , . . 3.2.
3.2
110
- H max, | , | Σ S , 2 | t , | ||||
s | |||||||
3,52 | 6,5 | ||||||
4,08 | 7,0 | ||||||
MDF | 5,02 | 7,2 | |||||
2,62 | 8,3 | ||||||
MDF | 1,65 | 6,2 | |||||
2,03 | 7,5 | ||||||
MDF | 4,21 | 4,5 | |||||
3,48 | 4,8 | ||||||
2,25 | 5,2 | ||||||
MDF | 3,75 | 6,3 |
1120. , ./, l , l , n , m . t . . 3.3.
3.3
1120
l, | l , | n | m | t | ||
-40 | 6,50 | 1,20 | 0,12 | |||
-3 | 4,00 | 0,95 | 0,10 | |||
TR 350 | 4,25 | 1,30 | 0,30 | |||
-40 | 5,50 | 2,15 | 0,15 | |||
00-01 | 4,50 | 1,04 | 0,20 | |||
10-5 | 3,75 | 1,25 | 0,12 | |||
-350-1 | 5,75 | 0,65 | 0,18 | |||
-450 | 6,00 | 0,75 | 0,15 | |||
-10 | 5,00 | 0,85 | 0,08 | |||
TR 450 | 5,25 | 1,60 | 0,14 |
2130. , ./, . . 3.4.
3.4
2130
, U, / | , | |||
l | b | |||
, U = 15 / | 15 .., 1. | |||
, U = 12 / | l = 1,25 , b = 40 , 10 . | |||
, U = 20 / | 4, 4, 22 . | |||
, U = 12 / | l = 1,55 , 3, 12 | |||
, U = 18 / | 22 .., 3 | |||
, U = 22 / | l = 1,72 , b = 20 , 17 . | |||
, U = 16 / | 3, 3, 25 . | |||
, U = 15 / | l = 1,40 , 2, 9 | |||
, U = 10 / | 30 .., 5. | |||
, U = 16 / | l = 1,8 , b = 40 , 15 . |
3140. , ./, , , × , n . . . 3.5.
3.5
3140
- | , | , | - n, | |||
1200×1000 | ||||||
2000×1500 | ||||||
1500×1500 | ||||||
1100×900 | ||||||
2000×1200 | ||||||
2000×1500 | ||||||
1700×1500 | ||||||
2000×1800 | ||||||
1800×1400 | ||||||
1900×1500 |
4150. × , s, , ./, n , k , i . . 3.6. .
3.6
4150
, | , . | , i, | ||||
s | , n | , k | ||||
5160. , × , s . 3.7
3.7
5160
t, ºC | , | ||||||
s | |||||||
2200×850 | - | 7 | |||||
1200×800 | Bindan - F | 50 | |||||
2400×1200 | 102.70 | 10 | |||||
1000×1000 | -20 | 40 | |||||
2200×850 | 303.0 | 5 | |||||
3000×900 | Cascol 3339 | 6 | |||||
1700×1300 | Bindan - F | 50 | |||||
2000×1200 | Rakoll Duplit | 4 | |||||
3000×900 | - | 7 | |||||
1400×1200 | 102.70 | 15 |
6170. × , s , 2. 8 . . 3.8.
3.8
6170
, | , . 2 | |||||
s | ||||||
16 | ||||||
50 | ||||||
12 | ||||||
60 | ||||||
- | 20 | |||||
50 | ||||||
15 | ||||||
50 | ||||||
25 | ||||||
30 |
7180. , ./, L×B × s. . 3.9.
3.9
7180
, | |||||
L | B | s | |||
2 , 400 , 5000 | , 300 , 10 /. 2 | ||||
1 , 600 , 3000 | , 350 , 12 /. 1,5 |
3.9.
, | |||||
L | B | s | |||
1 , 600 , 3000 | , 350 , 12 /. 1,5 | ||||
1 , 450 , 6000 | , 400 , 8 /. 1 | ||||
2 , 500 , 4000 | , 380 , 13 /. 2 | ||||
1 , 500 , 2500 | , 350 , 10 /. 1,5 | ||||
2 , 600 , 3500 | , 450 , 9 /. 3 | ||||
1 , 400 , 2000 | , 300 , 12 /. 1 | ||||
1 , 450 , 2500 | , 300 , 11 /. 2 | ||||
2 , 430 , 6000 | , 380 , 10 /. 3 |
1 , 400 , 3000 | , 400 , 12 /. 1. |
8190. , . c . 3.10.
3.10
8190
, | , n, . | |||||
l | b | s | ||||
2 | ||||||
2 1 | ||||||
2 | ||||||
1 1 | ||||||
1 | ||||||
2 2 | ||||||
2 | ||||||
1 | ||||||
1 | ||||||
2 2 |
91100. , . ./. . . 3.11.
3.11
91100
, | , . ./ | ||||||
, | |||||||
, | 1 1 . | ||||||
, | , | ||||||
MDF, | - | ||||||
, | 1 | ||||||
, | 1 | - | |||||
, | MDF, | , | 45º | ||||
, | 1 | ||||||
d=60 |
1. , . . . - : . . . / . . , . . . : , 2006. 134 .
2. , . . . : .-. . . / . . , . . , . . . : , 2007. 140 .
3. , . . . / . . , . . . : , 2009. 100 .
4. , . . : / . . , . . . .: , 2006. 584 .
5. : . / . . . . .: , 2008. 600 .
6. , . . : 2 . .1: . / . . [ .]. : , 2010. 299 .
7. , . . : 2 . .2: . / . . [ .]. : , 2010. 178 .
1. , . . : . / , . ., . . .: , 2001. 288 .
2. , . . : . /.: , 2003 480 .
3. , . . : / . . , . . , . . . .: , 1990. 512 .
4. , . . / : . . . : 2 . . 1: / . . . .: , 2005. 138 .