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, H+ -, KW H2O.

KW = [H+][OH-]

KW = 1,00710-14

-, . + - , . . . W

H+(p) + OH-(p) = H2O()

KW ≠ 0, , + -

. , ope

+ -.

[+] = [-] = (10-14)1/2 = 10-7 /,

[+] > 10-7 / [-] < 10-7 /,

[+] < 10-7 / [-] > 10-7 /.

()

,

[+] = 10-14 / [-] [OH-] = 10-14 / [+].

. , , . (

H+ - ).

,

, . . , , , .. pH = -log[H+]. , + -, . (>7) -, , + (<7)- . . =7. , . pH - , , . pH , , .. , "" , , . , , ,

3. .

SO3 + H2O = H2SO4

SO2 + H2O = H2SO3

CO2 + H2O = H2CO3

CrO3 + H2O = H2CrO4

2Mn2O + 2H2O = 4HMnO4

 

28

1. ()?

() , ().

, . , , , , . , . , . (, ) 3 : ( + ), ( + ) ( + ). , , , , HCl, H2S, SO2. ( + ) , , . , . , .. , , (, , ). (2) (, , .)

. ΔS < 0, (ΔS > 0). , . , , (ΔH > 0) (, ΔH < 0). ( ) ΔG = ΔH T∙ΔS < 0, . . . () (ΔG < 0) .

() (). ; . , .

, .

, , .





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