, , . .
:
1) -;2) 3-;3) 3-2-;4) 3-2-2-;5) 3-(2)3-;6) 3-(2)4-.
: 4-8 () 10-20, .
- . , - , - .
:
CH2=CH2 + CO + H2O CH3CH2COOH
CH3CH2OH + CO CH3CH2COOH
, , - a- . () ( ):
(CH3)2C=CH2 + CO + H2O (CH3)3CCOOH
, - :
RCH=CH2 + H+ RC+HCH3 + CO RCH(CH3)C+O + H2O RCH(CH3)COOH + H+
, - , .
(Ni, Co, Fe, Pd). . ( ).
2- 8-10 40-90 0,1-1,0 ( I, II VIII ). 12-15, 16-18 , 70-120 170-280 , . , , .
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2()8 2()8:
145-165 5-30 :
RCH=2 + + 2 → RCH2CH2COOH;
165-175 5-15 :
: , ; : ( ), ( 50%) , .
33) : , , ., , , .
1. .
:
CH3COOH + PCl5 CH3COCl + POCl3 + HCl
. : -OH, -OR, -NH2, -N3, -CN .:
CH3COCl + CH3COOAg (CH3CO)2O + AgCl
1. .
:
CH3COONa + CH3COCl NaCl + (CH3CO)2O
, , .
. , , , . , :
CH3-CH=CH2 + CH3COOH CH3COOCH(CH3)2
:
CH3COOCH2CH3 | |
CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 | |
HCOOCH2CH3 |
.
CH3COCl +2 NH3 CH3CONH2 + NH4Cl
, . . (N,N -, , ).
. CH3CN ( ) CH2=CHCN ( , - ). :
CH3CONH2 CH3C-CN + H2O
. . , , : 2RCOOH + g → (RCOO)2Mg + 2,
2RCOOH + → (RCOO)2Ca + 2,
RCOOH + NaOH → RCOONa + 2,
RCOOH + NaHCO3→ RCOONa + 2 + 2↑. , :CH3COONa + HCl → 3 + NaCl. : 3 + 2 3 + . .
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