.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




, , . .

:

1) -;2) 3-;3) 3-2-;4) 3-2-2-;5) 3-(2)3-;6) 3-(2)4-.


: 4-8 () 10-20, .

- . , - , - .

 

:

CH2=CH2 + CO + H2O CH3CH2COOH

CH3CH2OH + CO CH3CH2COOH

, , - a- . () ( ):

(CH3)2C=CH2 + CO + H2O (CH3)3CCOOH

, - :

RCH=CH2 + H+ RC+HCH3 + CO RCH(CH3)C+O + H2O RCH(CH3)COOH + H+

, - , .

(Ni, Co, Fe, Pd). . ( ).

2- 8-10 40-90 0,1-1,0 ( I, II VIII ). 12-15, 16-18 , 70-120 170-280 , . , , .

2()8 2()8:

145-165 5-30 :

RCH=2 + + 2 → RCH2CH2COOH;

165-175 5-15 :

: , ; : ( ), ( 50%) , .

33) : , , ., , , .

1. .

:

CH3COOH + PCl5 CH3COCl + POCl3 + HCl

. : -OH, -OR, -NH2, -N3, -CN .:

CH3COCl + CH3COOAg (CH3CO)2O + AgCl

1. .

:

CH3COONa + CH3COCl NaCl + (CH3CO)2O

, , .

. , , , . , :

CH3-CH=CH2 + CH3COOH CH3COOCH(CH3)2

:

CH3COOCH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
HCOOCH2CH3

.

CH3COCl +2 NH3 CH3CONH2 + NH4Cl

, . . (N,N -, , ).

. CH3CN ( ) CH2=CHCN ( , - ). :

CH3CONH2 CH3C-CN + H2O

. . , , : 2RCOOH + g → (RCOO)2Mg + 2,

2RCOOH + → (RCOO)2Ca + 2,

RCOOH + NaOH → RCOONa + 2,

RCOOH + NaHCO3→ RCOONa + 2 + 2↑. , :CH3COONa + HCl → 3 + NaCl. : 3 + 2 3 + . .

 

 

 

     

 

 





:


: 2016-12-17; !; : 537 |


:

:

- , .
==> ...

1768 - | 1582 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.011 .