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, . , . 1860 . The New York Herald.
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XIX -, , . 1851 . - penny press . The New York Times (- ), .
, 15 , . The New York Herald 1835 . 500 , 1841 . The New York Tribune 3000 , 1851 . 70000 .
, , . The New York Times, .
- , . , Chicago Tribune ( , 1847), Missouri Democrat ( , -, 1852), Charleston Newsand Courier ( , 1803), Cleveland Leader ( , 18541885).
, . , ( ) TheSpringfield Republican ( ), The Chicago Tribune, TheCincinnat Commercial ( ).
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1850- . The New York Herald The New York Tribune. -. The New York Tribune 176000 , .
18501865 . , . , , . 1850 1860 . , 3000 1860 .
. The New York Mirror (- , 18231857). 1848 . Home Journal ( ), . .
The Independent (, 18481928), -.
1850- . - . The NewYork Ledger (- , 18441898). 1851 . 300000, 1860 . 400 . ( penny press) , , , , 1850 ., , .
The New York Ledger . , , . , , , , , , .
- 1855 . Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper ( , 18551922), London Illustrated News ( ). , .
, , , , , , . , . , 1850 . , , , , . 1859 . . , -, , . . , , .
( Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper) The National PoliceGazette ( ), , - 1845 . . , , , , , , . , , The National Police Gazette .
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1854 . , , , , , . 6 1860 ., .
. 1860 . , 1861 . 10 , 18 1861 . .
. 1828 . 18301840 . , . , The Charleston Mercury ( ), , , .
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1851 . , . (The Richmond Enquirer, De Bow's Review. The Charleston Mercury ) . , fire-eaters (, ), . The Southern Press ( ).
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1850- . , fire-eaters , . , The Richmond Enquirer De Bow's Review, , (1854) , (1856). , , .
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12 1861 ., , , . , , , .
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1861 . , 26 : : ! 20 . .
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Associated Press. 1862 . , Associated Press, .
1864 . , , . , The Chicago Times ( ), The Journal of Commerce ( ), The New York Daily News (- ) .
. , , , . . , , ( The New York Herald).
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, . , ( ), , . , , The Union ().
, , . , . The Cincinnati Gazette ( ), The Boston Journal ( ), . 63 , The New York Herald .
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31 1865 . , . .. The Liberator, 34 . : , The Liberator, , , ; (, ), <...> .
, 14 1865 . . . . The New York Tribune : , , . , . , , , , , , .
8 1865 . (18651877). , .
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1868 . , . 1868 1873 . , , 1873 . , . , , : , , . . . . , , .
1869 . , , 1876 . , . .
, . , ( 1872 . , ), -, , .
- The Sun, The World, The Chicago Tribune, The Louisville Courier-Journal, The CincinnatiCommercial, The St. Louis Westliche Post. , , , , , .