v / 0,4 0,76
n = (0,39 ¸0,75)×1015 . l > 0,76 (),
l< 0,4 ().
v .
l, | |
0,010 0,185 | |
0,185 0,380 | |
: | 0,380 0,760 |
0,380 0,45 | |
0,45 0,48 | |
0,48 0,51 | |
0,51 0,55 | |
- | 0,55 0,575 |
0,575 0,59 | |
0,59 0,62 | |
0,62 0,76 | |
0,76 3,0 | |
3,0 50 | |
50 - 1000 |
v , .
v , .
v , : . , = 3×108 / , e - . .
n = 1 (), n > 1 .
v .
1) .
, , , .
2) : , , , . . .
3) : , , , . , n 21 . .
() n : .
v , (n 2 < n 1). i . n () .
v - ( ) , : , .
( ), D = 2 m l0/2 (m = 0, 1,...- ), ( ), D = (2 m +1)l0/2, D - , l0 .
|
|
v
d << L, D = r 2 - r 1
x max = (L / d)l m
x min = (L / d)l(2 m +1)/2
D x = (L / d)l, m = 0, 1, 2,
v
.
n > n , l/2 . , , n < n , l/2 . , +. n 0 .
( )
() .
()
: (1) , (2) .
v .
v (, ..) , . . . , , ^ . . . , - , . , . , , .
, - .
I s - , I p , Ia , , j - . ,
v . i n1 n2. , , , , . i ( ). () n : .
v
a , [a] = 1 -1.
v () / , . . , . .
:
|
|
1) (). W e , t .
[] = 1 .
2) ().
S . [ Me ] = 1 /2.
3) .
[ Mel ] = 1 /(2); [ Men ] = 1 /(2-1); .
4) - , - , , / - , .
v , . a 1 (a = 1); a = 0, 0 <a < 1.
v .
1) : ; () ; .
2) : , , s = 5,67×10-8 /(2×4) - - , - .
3) , b = 2,9×10-3 × - .
- , k = 1,38×10-23 /- .
v - -
, = 3×108 /, h = 6,62×10-34 ×, , n - , w = 2pn,
l . ; .
/
, n ³ n l £ l W ³
v . , . = 3×108 /. .
- , - , l = /n , n .
v .
- ( , ), r - ; r = 1 r = 0 , w - , N - , i - .
v
. .
l = 2,43×10-12 , m = 9,1×10-31 .
.
( )
,
m = 9,1×10-31 , vn rn, h= 1,05×10-34 × . , h = 6,62×10-34 × .
( )
,
Wn Wm ().
.
= 1,6×10-19 , e0 = 8,85×10-12 /
, (He+ Li++ ..)
,
n , R = 1,097×107 -1 , = 3×108 / , n m . n (n = 1, 2, 3, ), m (m = n +1, n +2, n +3, ).
n = 1 (),
n = 2 (, ),
n = 3 (),
n = 4 (),
n = 5 (),
n = 6 ().
, m = ¥. .
, U
, U I
, U II
, Ui ,
.
; v << , v £ ,, .
h = 6,62×10-34 × , , m , Wk , U , q , = 3×108 / , v ,. q = = 1,6×10-19 , m = m = 9,1×10-31 .
|
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h= 1,05×10-34 ×,
D x , D x x, D vx x, x x, vx x, m ,
D W , D t .
.
Y = f(x, y, z) , U (x, y, z) , W , m , h= 1,05×10-34 ×
W n , l , n ,
D W n , p , k , P x1 x2, Yn , |Y|2n .