.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





.., . .., . ..

-

, ( Na) , , . , , , ( , , - .). .

05 ( Na) 12 (.)%, 8,79, 20-220.

-50-1 -8, , 05 , () () .

-154 . 2 1 /. LGraph 2.27, Exel Orijin.

, Na 3 , , . .

 

- , 05 Na 12 .%

φ ÷ φ ., , (.) i. ÷ i..,
  0,0374 ÷ + 0,2340 6,848,54
  +0,2982÷ + 0,4818 2,93 1,95
  +0,6258÷ + 1,2082 0,98 0,24

 

. , . , 0,00 . , , , .

Ͳ

ϲֲ ˲

 

NUMERICAL AND LABORATORY MODELLING OF THE CLOSING UP METALLURGICAL DEFECTS PROCESS DURING FREE HOT FORGING

Łukasz Gaj, Grzegorz Banaszek, Prof. Henryk Dyja

Czestochowa university of technologyinstitute of the modelling and automation of plastic working processes

Abstract

In the work has been conducted computer simulation with help commercial program, which based on the finite elements method Forge 3DÒ free hot forging operation in shape anvils follow an aim to closing up metallurgical defects in the final forging products. The paper discusses the influence of the main parameters of the forging process and shape tools to homogenise the local strain in the whole cross section of forgings. In theoretical examination and experimental tests, highly-alloyed corrosion-resistant steel, X10CrNiTi18-10 according to the EN 10088-21995 standard, was used. In the study, radial anvils of a radius of R = 90 mm and symmetrical rhombic anvils with a1 = 120. For each of first stage anvils, the calculations of the following parameters were made: eh ranging from 15 to 25%, the velocity of the upper movable anvil varying in the range from 10 to 20 mm/s, and the forging starting temperature ranging from 1100 to 1250C. When performing the calculations for particular cases of forging, the constant parameters of the operation was the rotation angle of the forging, j = 90, both for the first and the second forging stages. Each of the stages was considered for one forging pass only, therefore the analysis was limited to the stretch forging operation in a flat deformation state. The anvil temperature was 350C, and the ambient temperature was 20C, whereas the friction factor was assumed to be m =0.3 In the first stage, the simulated stock was deformed in respective shaped anvils. In the second stage, flat anvils were used for the finishing deformation of the slug forging in all forging cases. In the second stage of forging in the flat anvils, the following constant parameters were applied: eh = 20%, an upper anvil velocity of 20 mm/s, and a forging rotation angle of 90. In the laboratory part of testing, flat anvils were also used for the finishing forging of the slug forging for all forging cases. After completion of simulation, the value of the total surface area of all defects present on the surface of the forging after it had been deformed upon the both forging stages was taken for the analysis of the process of closing up metallurgical defects. The values of the surface areas of discontinuities after deformation were determined by using commercial software, Rino v1.02Ò, which allows the determination of defect surface areas after forging. During the deformation of metal in radial anvils, a high state of deformation can be induced in the axial zones of the forging at the smallest energy and force outlays, which is indicative of a forging-through of the material, this effect being the least desirable in a free forging operation. The use of symmetric diamond anvil elongation during operations is not only adversely affect the closing of the metallurgical defects but also introduces a very uneven state of deformation which is an undesirable effect in terms of quality of products in the way of forging.





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 308 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1658 - | 1581 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.013 .