1
, .
0,3 / -, 0,01 /.
. :
:
Na2[Zn(CN)4] 2Na+ + [Zn(CN)4]2-
:
[Zn(CN)4]2- Û Zn2+ + 4CN-
, [Zn(CN)4]2:
(Zn2+) c 4(CN-)
= ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
(.)
:
(.)
(Zn2+)= ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
c 4(CN-)
- (. .); = 2,4×10-20.
-, , , , (CN-) = 0,01 /, .. -, . , :
2,40×10-20× 0,3
(Zn2+) = ¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 7,2 × 10-13 /
(0,01)4
: 7,2 × 10-13 /.
2
, .
, (I) 0,03 / 750 . , 0,1 /.
. :
[Ag(NH3)2]+ Û Ag+ + 2NH3
, :
(Ag+) 2(N3)
= ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
(.)
(NH3) = 0,1 /, .. , , ,, .
,
(.) 5,89 ×10 8× 0,3
(Ag+) = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 1,77 ×10 6 /
2(N3) 0,12
m(Ag+) = M(Ag) Vc (Ag+) = 108 / × 0,75 ×1,77× 10-6 / = 1,43 ×10-4
: 1,43 × 10-4 .
3
.
() () 0,5 / - 0,05 /?
|
|
. Fe3+ (0,5 /). - . , .. - , () 1:1. Tartr2-. () :
[Fe(Tartr)2]- Û Fe3+ + 2 Tartr2-
:
(.) 1,38×10-12× 0,5
c (Fe3+) = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 2,76× 10-10 /
2(Tartr2-) (0,05)2
0,5
: ¾¾¾¾¾ = 1,8 ×109 .. 1,8 . .
2,76 ×10-10
4
.
1,11 1 0,05 /. , . , , - .
. :
m 1,11
n(Cl2) = ¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾ = 0,01
M111/
n(N22) = V = 0,05× 1 = 0,05
l2 + N22 = 2 + 2Nl
,
n(2) = n(l2) = 0,01
n(N2) =0,05 0,01 = 0,04
,
(N2) = 0,04 /.
:
2 Û Ca2+ + 4- + 2+
.
( ) :
(.)
(2+) = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
(4-)
(2-)(.), , :
2,57× 10-11×0,01
(2+) = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 6,43× 10-12 /
0,04
m(2+) = c M V = 6,43 ×10-12 / ×40 ×1 = 2,57×10-10
:
(2+) = 0,01 - 6,43 ×10-11 0,01 /
(2+) 0,01 /
¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 1,56×109
(2+) 6,43× 10-12 /
: 2,57×10-10 ; 1,56×109 .
|
|
5. .
, :
()- Û ()- +
0,1 / 0,0000001 / 2 /
: :
DG = - RTln K + RTln.
, .
, [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
< , .. ; > - .
(u 2+) 4(NH3) 0,0000001×24
= ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 1,60×10 -5
(.) 0,1
9,33 ×10-13.
: > , .
6
.
?
. :
[-Gly]+ Û 2+ + Gly
Gly =
, :
(2+) (Gly -)
= ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
(Ca-Gly)
,
(2+) = (Gly ) = ;
2
= ¾¾¾¾¾;
(Ca-Gly )
¾¾¾¾¾¾
= (2+) = Ö (Ca-Gly)
, :
¾¾¾¾¾¾
(n2+) = Ö (Mn-Gly)
, , :
¾¾¾¾¾¾ ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ ¾¾¾¾ ¾¾¾¾¾
(2+) Ö (Ca-Gly) (Ca-Gly) (Ca-Gly) (Ca-Gly) 4,17×10-2
¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = Ö ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = Ö ¾¾¾ = Ö ¾¾¾¾¾ = 10,72
(n2+) Ö (Mn-Gly) (Mn-Gly) (Mn-Gly) (Mn-Gly) 3,63×10-4
: 11 .
7
.
2+ 2+ 4- DG = 11,8 /.
2-.
. 2+ 2+ 4-:
2- + 2+Û 2- + 2+
, , , . :
(2-)
= ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾;
(2-)
DG :
DG0 = - RTln .
|
|
:
= -DG0/RT
= -11800/8,31×298 = 8,52×10-3
(2-):
(2-) 2,57×10-11
(2-) = ¾¾¾¾¾¾ = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ = 3,02×10-9
8,52×10-3
: 3,02×10-9