- . : , "" .
40 (29 , 11 ). - 27.5 . .
N 1: " ".
N 2: " " - : " : " " , , . , - . - , - . , , ".
N 3: " " - : " " " , , ()".
40 . " " 302 , 1 60 . 10 . " " 169 , 3 55 . 5 .
" " "" . "" . .
( 62 ) 18 4 . 15- "" 4.35, 24.2% (18: 62 x 15) ( - 4 22.2%). , "" . , , , (38.9%).
( 47 ) , . 15- "" 3.19 32% (10: 47 x 15) ( , 60%). , "" . , , 70% , .. "" .
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( 54 ) 18 . 15- "" 27.7% (18: 54 x 15) ( - 44.4%). , "". , , , (50% ).
, "" , .. -
. 27
. 2. n.
"" .
"" . ( . . ) ( - - )*.
1: , .. . , "".
2: , .. "" .
3: , .. "" .
4: .
( 1, 2, 3, 4) " " " " . , 1/2: 1/3: 1/4 (. 2).
. 2 TN - [ TN - 1, TN + 1 ].
T 1 - [ T 0, 2 ]. 0 = 0 ( ). N , TN - [ TN - 1, TN + 1 ]. N - .
, ( ) , "" - .
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, ( 2, 3, 4), , , . , , (.. ), 2, :
. . , .
. 28
, ( 3) , :
( 4) :
, , , . , , , . , i :
- Ni , .. n 1 Ni,
T -test (., , SPSS ) , , , .
. 4 .
4. 1 ( )
H 0 - | |||
S 4 n / S 2 n | .7454 | .16245 | = 0.5 |
9.553*** | |||
S 3 n / S 2 n | .8475 | .14224 | = 0.667 |
8.039*** | |||
S 4 n / S 3 n | .8822 | .13144 | = 0.75 |
6.360*** |
*** p < 0.0005.
. 29
5. 2 ( )
*** p < 0.0005.
6. 3 ( )
** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.
. 4, 1 p < 0.0005, .
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. 5 2 .
. 5, 2 p < 0.0005, .
. 6 3 .
. 6, 3 p < 0.05 ( ).
, . 7 4 .
7. 4 ( )
. 30
. 7, 4 , .
"" , , , , . -, -. -, , , .. , , "" .
, , , , , .. " ".
. , . [26]. / , . " ", , ( - ). , , 15 - 30 , . "". , .. " ". , .
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2. , 15 - 30 ( ""), , .
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5. .
6. , , , .
1. . . : . . . 3. ., 1983. . 3.
2. . . . ., 1998.
3. . . // . 2004. N 2. . 77 - 87.
4. . ., . . // . 2003. N 5. . 93 - 102.
5. . . : . ., 2000.
. 31
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