20-30 , , , - . () (International Chamber of Commerce, ICC) , .
1936 . 1953, 1967, 1976, 1980,1990, 2000 , 2010 .
2000 , , , , 2010 .
, . . , , , - . , -, - , , , .
:
●
;
● ,
( );
● ,
( ).
:
● .
, ,
;
●
.
;
●
, .
,
;
●
, ,
;
●
, .
|
|
.
-2000, -1990, 13 . . 2000 4 (). , : E; F; C; D.
- ExW (Ex Works) - , ( - -) EX / . Ż, -, -, -, -, , , -, .
, (, , ). ( ). . . .
F (Free of risk) - , . 3 : FCA, FAS FOB.
FCA ( FRC) Free Carrier, -ꅻ ( ) , , .. , , carrier () .
FCA , , . - (- , , , ). : (, ), ; , , . , .
FAS Free Alongside Ship . , . . -2000 . . , , .
|
|
FOB Free on Board ( ).
. . FOB . (, ), , .
cost (, ) , , , , - . , , , - (additional costs) . .
CFR Cost and Freight . , - . , - . CFR . (, ), , CPT.
CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight , - . , CFR, . . (, ).
CPT Freight, Carriage Paid to - . . , , .. ( Through Bill of Lading) Multimodal Transport Bill of Lading, . , . .
CIP - Freight, Carriage and Insurance Paid to - . , CPT, . . , , , , , . . .
D delivery () , -. D , - , - , , , , . .
|
|
DAF - Delivered at Frontier - .
, . . .
DES (ExS) Delivered ex Ship - - . -
, . . . . .
DEQ Delivered Ex Quay(Duty Paid) - . , , , , . - . . 2000 . 1990 .
DDU - Delivered Duty Unpaid - - . . , ., . . 2000 .
DDP - Delivered Duty Paid - c . . , ., . , . .
2010 2010 . 1 2011 .
2010 2010. , 2000. -.
, . , 2010 . , , , .
|
|
2010:
-, , (DAF, DES, DEQ DDU) , : DAT DAP. DAF, DES DEQ .
. DAT ( ) , . DAP ( )) , . , DAT DAP, , .
- -. -, , (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP DDP), , . - , , , , .
, , . , , . ; , .