1. :
) , (, ; pub, sporran);
) , (, -;kilt, Oxford shoe);
) , (, ; pudding, whiskey);
) (;backbenching);
) , (, , ; pound sterling, penny, mile);
) , , , (, , , .. ; mouthorgan, The Highland Fling, Summertime, Sir Elton John);
) , (, ; Thanksgiving, golf);
) (, ; Sir, Missis).
2. :
) (, ; the Welsh, the Irish);
) , , (, , ; puck, changeling, Stonehenge).
3. :
) (; grizzly);
) (; shamrock);
) , (, ; bush, highlands).
4. - ( ):
) ( ; country);
) , .., ( , .. ; Republican Party, Gordon Brown);
) , (; drugstore);
) (; Pentagon);
) , (; cowboy).
5. :
) (, , , .. ; Smith, John, Green, G.W. Bush);
) (, ; New York, Oxford Street);
) (, ; Othello, the Foresights);
) , , , , , .. (, , , , , ; BBC, the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), Tiffanys, Heathrow).
6. :
) (, ; rose, shamrock);
) (, ; bee, turkey);
) ( ; green (St.Patricks day), white and red rose);
) , - (. Party. Party. . . . . ; Camillagate Watergate, );
) ( ; Big Brother - , . 1984 ).
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-, , , , , , , , .
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-, , - .
-, , .. . , , , .
1: ,
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1. In times of peace, a large part of the Dictators role would be a sort of national Aunt Sally, a symbol on which its citizens could vent their frustration (Punch). 2. I dislike noise of any sort, never indulged in it myself, was a model of taciturnity and gently melancholy, and altogether an embryonic hero for a Bulwer-Lytton novel (T. Beecham). 3. The Governments reply, which actually sounded like Billy Bunter, went something like this: We werent really intervening in the dispute, but in any case we were perfectly entitled to do so. (Here is the Bunter translation: Er, sir, it wasnt me who pinched the jam, and anyway I thought the jam was mine,) (Sunday Mirror). 4. I was looking at a thick-set man with a soft round chin <and> a Charlie Chan moustache (R. Chandler). 5. When I was a kid I dreamed of being Clarence Darrow. But then I fell in love with your mother and settled for corporate law (J. Susann). 6. Im in a wild mood tonight. I havent shot a main in a week. Speak out, Dr. Fell, Who put me in here, why and how? (R. Chandler) 7. The women in our islands all taken to the Mother Hubbard and the men wear trousers and singlets (S. Maugham). 8. Since her husbands death at the hand of an assassin the Queen has lived a Howard Hughes type of existence while real power within the kingdom has shifted to the Archduchess and Chief of Police (Morning Star). 9. And now this became an anxious function, for night had fallen and it would soon be necessary to light the candles on the tree, and Cherokee was apt to make an irruption at any time in his Kriss Kringle garb (O. Henry). 10. They had gone along with the romance because it represented the Walter Mitty dream of every average Joe. A plain guy winding up with the most beautiful girl in the world (J. Susann).
2: , , .
1. He went to the telephone and placed a person-to-person call, collect, to Mrs. Evenlyn Hollenbach.
2. Peace and prosperity remains the GOP s best theme.
3. A radio was playing country music.
4. He became a public relations agent for General Electric, New York.
5. In the U.S. Labor Day is always celebrated on the first Monday in September.
6. On Saturday night Slim took the young man to a beer hall for a few drinks and a game of darts.
7. The customs officer asked me to step into the office. I entered the room where the Stars and Stripes stood shoulder to shoulder with the Union Jack.
8. By the way, that is your green Ford at a parking meter outside, isnt it?
Yes, why?
Theres a traffic warden putting a parking ticket on it.
9. The 180-ton ship Mayflower, carrying the Pilgrim Fathers to their new life across the Atlantic, left England on September 6th, 1620.
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10. About 4,600 years ago or may be more the Stone Age inhabitants of Britain started building an enormous stone structure. This structure is now called Stonehenge, and it is Salisbury, in the South of England.
3: . , . .
THE EAST END
The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City, and the growth of the port of London. It covers a wide area. A part like Bethnal Green, which was once a country village, is quite different from the areas down by the river, where there are many wharfs and warehouses.
It is also one of those areas of London where people from abroad have come to find work. For centuries foreigners have made London their home. Some have had to leave their country for religious or political reasons. Others have wanted to find a better life. Some brought new skills and started new industries. These days, many Jews and Bengalis live in the East End, and within a small area you can see a mosque, a church and a synagogue! The East End is especially famous as the clothing industry (or rag-trade) in Londone.
The East End markets are famous throughout the world. Petticoat Lane market takes place every Sunday morning and has become one of the sights of London. Street-salesmen promise that the goods are of the highest quality and much cheapear than these you can buy in the West End! Come on darlin amazin bargain you aint seen nuffink like it!
Traditionally someone born in the East End is known as a cockney although this name is now given to anyone who speaks like a Londoner. Typically they change certain vowel sounds sp that the sound in lace becomes more like that in light. In addition they dont use the usual t sound of standard English but stop the air in their throat. (Try saying buer instead of butter!) Like some foreign learners of English they seem to have a few problems with th and use an f instead!
During the last century, East End criminals developed a special kind of slang or language which made it difficult for the police to underhand them. In certain parts of London this slang is still used, and some expressions have passed into normal, everyday English. It is called rhyming slang because words are replaced by other words or phrases which rhyme. For example loaf of bread means head, and butchers hook means look. However, usually only the first word of the phrase is used, for example, Use your loaf! means Use your hear dont be silly! and Let me have a butchers means Lee me have a look.
