.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


1A-3-28




-, :

: . 1, , . 1 () . 1 () .

.

 

: . () , . , - , . .

, , , , .

, ( ), ( ) . , , .

, . , . , .

, , , .

, ( - ) 10%, 20%, 0,10 / 0,20 = 0,50. 0,50 , 50% , .

, (20% 10%), 0,20 / 0,10 = 2,0. 2 , 2 , (.. , ).

 

, 0,20 / 0,20 = 1,0. , , .

SUNY Downstate Evidence Based Medicine Course. State University of New York, USA, 2002.

1A-3-29

 

: . , - . - , - .. , ,

.

 

- , (, , ..), . , .

, . , , , . , () : . , .

 

, , , . , , .

 

SUNY Downstate Evidence Based Medicine Course. State University of New York, USA, 2002.

 

 

1A-3-30

 

- , . , , .

: , , , .

 

- , , , . : ( ), , .

- :

, . .

, , . , , .

 

SUNY Downstate Evidence Based Medicine Course. State University of New York, USA, 2002.

1A-3-31

, . - . - .

 

: , , , .

.

 

. .

 

SUNY Downstate Evidence Based Medicine Course. State University of New York, USA, 2002.

1A-3-32 :

 

- , . , . , . , , , , . , , , , , . , - , , .

 

Sackett DL et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ, 1996, 312, 71-72.

 

, , - , .

 

Cook, DJ and Levy MM. Evidence-based medicine. A tool for enhancing critical care practice. Crit Care Clin, 1998, 14, 353-8.

 

, , . , . , , , , .

 

McMaster 1988 . 90- . . , . , , .

 

, .

Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM, Haynes RB, Richardson WS: Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isnt. BMJ 1996;312:71-2.

Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Evidence-based medicine: a new approach to teaching the practice of medicine. JAMA. 1992;268(17):2420-2425

 

1A-3-33 ?

 

(Archie Cochrane) , . , .

 

- . Ÿ - , . : , .

 

1940 . . 20 . 1962 () .

 

, , 1971 , , , . , 1974 , , , . 1980- 1990- . . , , .

 

 

1A-3-34

 

- :

1. PICO: (patient), (intervention), (comparison), (outcomes). , .

2. . , . , ( ): , -, ..

3. . ( ? ? ?) ( , ? ?).

 

:

?

()?

, ?

?

?

?

 

, .. , .

4. .

5. - .

 

Sackett DL et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ, 1996, 312, 71-72.

Rosenberg W, Donald A. Evidence based medicine: an approach to clinical problem solving. BMJ, 1995, 310, 1122-1126.

Cook, DJ and Levy MM. Evidence-based medicine. A tool for enhancing critical care practice. Crit Care Clin, 1998, 14, 353-8.

1A-3-35

 

:

 

?

? .. ?

? .. ( ) ?

? .. ( )?

 

1A-3-36

 

. , ( (Cochrane database), (WHO Reproductive Health Library), . , 2000 . (The Guide on Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth by M. Enkin et al., 2000) .

1A-3-37

, , .

 

Mark R. Anderson. A Short History of Scury. 2000

 

- . , . , . , - , , , , , .

, . , , . , . , , , . , , , .

 

Sackett DL et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ, 1996, 312, 71-72.

Mark R. Anderson. A Short History of Scury. 2000

 

 

1A-3-38

 

, , . : () - , . , , , , - .

 

, .

4 ,

3 , , .

2 ,

1 , .

, 60- 70-, , , , , .

 

70- 80- , 0,001, .. . , . .

 

, , 80-, 15 .

 

, 80- 90-, 50 000, <0,00001, , .

 

Antman EM et al. A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of guidelines on same issue. JAMA 1992, 268, 240-8.

1A-3-39

 

, .

 

Duley L, Gülmezoglu AM, Henderson-Smart D. Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2003.

Prendiville WJ et al. Active versus expectant management in the third stage of labour.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2000, Issue 3.

Hodnett, E. D. et al. Continuous support for women during childbirth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2004, Issue 1.

Murray W. Enkin et al. A guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth.

Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition, 2000.

-. , . , .

 

Sackett DL et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ, 1996, 312, 71-72.

 

1A-3-40

.

 

Bricker L, Neilson JP. Routine Doppler ultrasound in pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2000, Issue 2.

Katherine Hartmann et al. Outcomes of Routine Episiotomy. A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2005, Vol. 293, No. 17, 2141-2148

Pattison N, McCowan L. Cardiotocography for antepartum fetal assessment. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 4.

Basevi V, Lavender T. Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 4.

Cuervo LG, Rodríguez MN, Delgado MB. Enemas during labour.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007, Issue 1.

 

1A-3-41

 

- - . - - : , , , .

 

First Annual Nordic Workshop on how to critically appraise and use evidence in decisions about healthcare, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, 1996.

1A-3- 42

 

, .

 

Murray W. Enkin et al. A guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition, 2000

1A-3-43 ?

 

1A-3-44 C

 

, . 6 .





:


: 2016-12-05; !; : 276 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

1810 - | 1491 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.074 .