.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





(), 90- .

: 5/; /; 7/; 8/D; 9/; 10/F; 11/G; 12/; 26/1; 44/J; 45/K; 48/L; 51, 60 61, - 5/, 9/ 45/ - . , , , 1991. , , ; ; . , , (7/), (48/ L) , (/). , - , -, .

. . () 5 : 6/, 7/, 9/(1), 10/F 48/L. 6/ 7/, llulomonas fimi - 6/, 10/F 48/L, - 9/(1) 48/L.

. (GH) : GH-A ( 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 30, 35, 39, 42, 51, 53), GH-B ( 7 16), GH-C ( 11 12), GH-D ( 27 36) GH-E ( 33 34).

, (- (β/α)8-) " ", β-, (α,α)6- .

- , -, . II Trichoderma reesei - , α- β- -. {(β/α)8}-, 1, 2, 3, 5/, 6/, 10/F, 17, 26/I, 30, 35, 39, 42, 51 53.

lC - ( 8/D) (α,α)6- 365 . D (α,α)6- - α-, α-, . - , α-, . , , 450 . D N- 90 , β-. . " " , . 9/, , 4 , . (α,α)6- , . 9/2.

(α,α)6- 8/D, 9/ 48/L, .

I β- , , , β-, α- . I 434 405060 Å.

11/G 12/ " ". 7/ β- . ( 16). 7, 11, 12 16 12-14- β-.

"" 6-β- 45/, , () .

 

 

() , .

. - II, III, IY, YI, YII, IX. 11/G, 12/H 45/. II, III, IY 45/ β- " " (.6).

6

( Tomme et al., 1995)

 

e * ** C -***
I Agaricus bisporus Cel1 C   -, β-   M86356
Fusarium oxysporum Xyn N   10/F L29380
Neocallimastix patriciarum XylB C   10/F S71569
Humicola insolens EGY C   45/K [Schou et al., 1993]
Neurospora crassa CBHI CBHI CBHI C   7/C X7778
Penicillium janthinellum   X59054
Phanerochaete chrysosporium   M22220
Porphyra purpurea PBP X4   U08843
Trichoderma reesei CBHI CBHII EGI EGII EGY Man C N C N C C   7/C 6/B 7/C 5/A5 45/K 5/A1 P00725 M16190 M15665 M19373 Z33381 L25310
IIa Butirivibrio fibrisolvens End1 C   - β-, β-   5/A4 X17538
Cellulomonas fimi CenA CenB CenD CbhA CbhB Cex N C C C C C   6/B 9/E2 5/A1 6/B 48/L 10/F M15823 M64644 L02544 L25809 L29042 L11080
Clostridium cellulovorans EngD C   5/A4 M37434
Dictiostelium discoideum SGSP C,I 98/106 ( - ) M33861
Microbispora bispora CelA C   6/B P26414
Pseudomonas fluorescens CelA CelB CelC CelE XynA C N N C N   9/E1 45/K 5/A1 5/A2 10/F X12570 X52615 X61299 X86798 X15429
Streptomyces lividans CelA CelB ChiC N C N   5/A2 12/H 18 () M82807 U04629 D12647
Thermomonspora fusca E2 E3 E5 C N N   6/C 6/C 5/A2 M73321 U18978 L01577
IIb Cellulomonas fimi XynD X2C   11/G X76729
Streptomyces lividans Axe C   - [Tomme et al., 1995,]
Thermomonospora fusca XynA C   b- 11/G U01242
IIIa Bacillus lautus CelA C   - β-, 2+ 44/J M76588
Bacillus subtilis Cel C   5/A2 X67044
Caldicellulosiruptor (Caldocellum) saccharolyticum CelA CelB CelC ManA x2I I x2I x2I   9/E2//48/L 10/F//5/A1 9/E2//5/A4 5/A4//44/J L32742 X13602 [] L01257
Clostridium cellulovorans CbpA N   M73817
Clostridium stercorarium CelZ C   9/E2 X55299
Clostridium thermocellum Cbh3 CipA CelI C I C   9/E1 9/E2 X80993 L08665 L04735
Erwinia carotovora CelY C   9/E2 X76000
IIIb Cellulomonas fimi CenB I   9/E2 M64644 X55299 L04735
Clostridium stercorarium CelZ  
Clostridium thermocellum CelI  
IY Cellulomonas fimi CenC x2N   " " β- (.. 5 6 ) 9/E1 X57858
Clostridium cellulolyticum CelE N   M87018
Streptomyces reticuli Cel1   L04735
Thermomonospora fusca E1   L20094
Myxococcus xantus CelA   6/B X76726
Y Erwinia chrysanthemi EgZ C   , b- b-, 5/A2 Y00540
YI Bacillus polymyxa XynD C       X57094
Clostridium stercorarium XynA X2C 87/92 11/G D13325
Clostridium thermocellum XynZ I   10/F M22624
- G-α X2C   16 ( ) D16623
Microbispora bispora BglA C     L06134
YII Clostridium thermocellum CelE I     5/A4 M22759
YIII Dictiostelium discoideum CelA N     9/E2 M33861
IX Clostridium thermocellum XynX X2C 174/189   10/F M67438
Thermoanaerobacterium sp. XynA 174/187 M97882
Thermotoga maritima XynA 170/180 Z46264
X Cellvibrio mixtus XynA C   b- 2- 3- , a- . 11/G Z48925
Pseudomonas fluorescens CelA CelB CelC CelE XynA XynE I   9/A1 45/K 5/A1 5/A2 10/F 11/G X12570 X52615 X61299 X86798 X15428 Z48927
C

 

* , N- (I) ; 4 2 ; ** ; *** SWISS-PROT, EMBL/GenBank, PIR

 

, , , . , tyr, trp, , . . -, N- , , , . , .

. I II , . , , , .

IIb . , - , . , . , II .

131 172 III, . IIIa , , 5/1,2,4; 9/1,2; 10/F; 44/J; 48/L. - , Caldicellulosiruptor (Caldocellum) saccharolyticum, , . N- . IIIb , 9/2, IIa .

IY , . N- , , 9/1, 6/ 10/F. , .

Z - E. hrysantemi Y. - , 5/2 63 . , , , , .

YI β- 10/F 11/G, 1,3-β- G-α -. -, .

YII YIII . : ( 5/4 ) , - 240 , ( 9/2), III IY (152 ) N-. IX - , 10/F. 170-189 . 51-55 , - , 5/1,2; 9/1, 10/F, 11/G 45/, . , XI XII 1,4-β-: , , . , , , . Trp Tyr, , . , , , . , , , , . , .

 

 

, , . , , - , , , , .. , . , , ( , , , ..). , .

( ) (), . , , . , .

, , , , , . , , , (1 - , 2 - ..). .

, , , . , , , , , , , - . , .

, . / , . (.30).

, , , . , I II Trichoderma reesei . , .

. 30. : - , ; - , ; - , .

 

I, 7, 50 10 - -7 +3. , -7, . , , 180, , . -7 +2, +1 +2 -7 -1, E212, .

II ( ΙΙ). , Ι. 4 (-2, -1, +1, +2) . , +4 . -2, +1, +2 +4 Trp135 (-2), Trp269 (+1), Trp367 (+2) Trp272 (+4). N- 1.

I T. reesei 45% I. , , , .

, , , , - . - , ( ).

, β-1.4- , .

, β-, . , , -1 . , , . , -1 , . β- , (.31).

. 31. , . - , (, - ); - , -1 ( ); R - ,

"" "". , "". , . , .

, β -, . -1 , , , . , , (. 32).

 

.32. ,

 

, II Trichoderma reesei , -1 +1 , , 175 221. -, Asp221, Tyr169, -1, .

. , , , ( 60- ).

. , . . . . , (.33).

. , . .

, Trichoderma reesei , , 2-8% . Aspergillus niger .

 

/

 

Gn Gn/x G2 G

 

/

 
 

 


.33.

Gn - ; Gn/x- c , ; G2 - ; G

 

, - .

, . , , II I EGII/CBHI 5/95. 40/60, - .

: , , .

, I ( Ι) Trichoderma reesei , 44 , 18 (.34). Sporotrichum pulverulentum ellulomonas fimi.

( Ι) Trichoderma reesei β- , , SS- . ( Ι) - . 38 , β- , SS-. , . .

, , . , " - ".

 

. 34. ( I Trichoderma reesei): () - , . , ; () - ; () - ; CCD - ; LR - () ; BD -

 

"" "". , , .

, , , . , . : .

: 1- , ; - ; - ; , ; . , .

60- . , . , . . , , , , . , , , . . " - "

" - " , . , , , .

, , "" , - - , "" - , , , . , , .

, , 15 , .

, , , . I Trichoderma reesei , II , .

( , , ..) . , , - , , .

(2000), , Ι. , . , , , . , , . : , . , , , : (*** ) → (** *)→ (* **) → (Ė ***) → (** *) .. .

. .

, , . , I -7- -5 . , -5 - -2 . . , , . 1, +1 +2, .. - , . . . , - , .

, , , . - , , .

 

, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Fusarium, Humicola, Phanerochaete, Schizophillum . , . T. reesei (longibrachiatum) H. insolens (I II, 6/ 7/ , ) : I (7/); II (5/A5); III (12/), IY (61; T. reesei), Y (45/K) YI (6/; H. insolens). , 10/F 11/G 5/1. cbh1, cbh2, egl1, egl2, egl3, egl4, egl5, xyn1, xyn2, man1, T. reesei, bgl1 bxl1 (β-- ), axe1 (), glr1 (β-), arf1 (α-L-), agl1, agl2, agl3 (α-), .

I, . . I, . , -, 180 , . I , : , - .

II 20 Å. . .

I Trichoderma reesei . I , 4-. - I (T. reesei) (H. insolens).

II - - . . - (-). N- I.

. IY T. reesei, 61, - , . Y T. reesei H. insolens, , 6β- ( 45/), I -, 36 , 23 . ( 4 +2) .

H. insolens YI, II 6/. . II , .





:


: 2016-12-03; !; : 1472 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1869 - | 1667 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.104 .