. (internet). , , (subnet), (. 7.1).
7.1-
. , . , . , . , , , : Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI frame relay, X.25, ISDN. , , , , 7.1. , . .
, . : () - 192.60.40.2 255.255.255.0
, (internetworking).
.
, 7.2. 20 18 ; SI, S2,..., S18 .
7.2 -
, . , 7.2, , , 4.
7.1 - 4
, | |||
S1 | Ml (2) | 4(1) | |
S2 | - | 4(1) | |
S3 | 1(1) | 4(1) | |
S4 | 2(1) | 4(1) | |
S5 | - | 4(2) | |
S6 | 2(1) | 4(1) | |
Default | 5(1) | 4(2) | - |
7.1 . , , 0, 1.
|
|
, 7.2. (. . 7.2). MB . , S3 .
7.2 -
, | |||
S1 | 1(3) | MB | |
S2 | 1(3) | MB | |
S3 | - | MB | |
S4 | 3(1) | MB | |
S5 | 1(3) | MB | |
S6 | 3(1) | MB | |
Default | 3(1) | MB | - |
(. 7.3).
7.3 -
, | |||
S12 | - | ||
Default | 17(1) | - |
. , , .
. ( ). (, RIP, OSPF, NLSP) (, IP, IPX).
- , (, IP, IPX, AppleTalk DECnet), , , , .
3 OSI (. 7.3).
7.3 -
7.3.1
, , , , , , .
7.3.2
. , , . , , ( ), . - . , , , .
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|
7.3.3
, , . . , , . .
, , , . .
7.2 TCP/IP
TCP/IP 4 (. 7.4). - , .
I | |
II | () |
III | |
IV |
7.4 - TCP/IP
, , . , , . internet, .
7.4.1
, , , . - - TCP/IP, .
7.4.2
, . TCP/IP . , -, . , . Telnet, FTP, TFTP, DNS, SNMP, HTTP.
7.4.3
: TCP/IP , . , . , , . IP- . , RFC 1042 IP- IEEE 802. LLC/ SNAP, SNAP 0x0800. Ethernet RFC 1042 - LLC/SNAP Ethernet DIX, LLC, . Ethernet IP- Ethernet DIX.
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7.4.5 TCP/IP ISO/OSI
TCP/IP ISO/OSI, , , TCP/IP OSI (. 7.5). TCP/IP, , OSI, , , , (. 7.6).
7.6 - TCP/IP
. , . TCP/IP (. 7.7).
7.7 - , TCP/IP , TCP UDP.
TCP .
UDP ( ). - , . IP. IP .
TCP/IP () , IP- . , .