, . .
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol). , TCP/IP. , TCP/IP . TCP, , ( , ), .
TCP IP , :
- HTTP;
- FTP;
- SMTP;
- POP;
- IMAP.
IP-
IP-. 1- , ( 32- , , , ). , , IP- () . () 1- , . IP- , . - - ( -), IP- .
IP- (NIC, Network Information Center). IP- , .
( 1-) "" , (NAT, Network Address Translation). , -, IP- , IP-. - .
:
- ;
; .
, , .
, 6.1.
6.1 - ,
255.0.0.0 | |
255.255.0.0 | |
255.255.255.0 |
255.255.255.0 256
, IP- , ,
192.168.1.0. , ?. 6.2.
6.2 - OSI
D | |
|
|
.
IP- , 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.0. , , ,
10.0.0.0, 5 . . 10.0.0.0.
IP
6.3.1 IP
TCP/IP (IP - Internet Protocol), .
6.3.2 1-
IP- . , , 20 , (. 6.1).
6.1- I-
(Version), (1), (Type of Service), (Total Length), (Identification), (Flags), (Fragment Offset), (Time to Live), (Protocol), (Header Checksum), IP- (Source IP Address) IP- (Destination IP Address), (IP Options), (Padding).
DNS
, - . , , www.bhv.ru www.dkws.org.ua, IP-. , .
IP- (DNS, Domain Name System). , I- ( DNS-), I-.