61. .. . : , - , , V - , m - , - , R - , - . -. : 3- , 106.8 400: .
62.
63. )
)
)
64. , - . , , .
65. , , /.
66. , , /.
67. , , .
68. , => .
69. , ,
70. , =>
71. : , - , , V - , m - , - , R - , - . (, , , , ) , . : 3- , 106.8 400: .
72. 298 , 101,3 . =>
73. 298 , 101,3 . => .
74. . В(N2) = ()*w%(N2) / 100% = 101325*78.1 / 100 = 79135 . В(2) = ()*w%(2) / 100% = 101325*20.9 / 100 = 21177 . В(Ar) = ()*w%(Ar) / 100% = 101325*0.93 / 100 = 942 .. В(2) = ()*w%(2) / 100% = 101325*0.03 / 100 = 30.4 .
75. : w%(NO) =P(NO) * 100% / P() = 39990*100 / (39990 + 66630) = 37,5%; w%(NO2) =P(NO2) * 100% / P() = 66630*100 / (39990 + 66630) = 62,5%;
76.
V(CH4) = 0.03 3 (4) = 96.0 V(H2) = 0.04 3 (2) = 84.0 V(C) = 0.01 3 () = 108.8 | -: n = PV/RT n(CH4) = 96*30/(8.31*298) = 1.163 . 1 = 1.163*100%/2.959 = 39,3% n(H2) = 84*40/(8.31*298) = 1.357 . 1 = 1.357*100%/2.959 = 45,9% n(C) = 108.8*10/(8.31*298) = 0.439 . 1 = 0.439*100%/2.959 = 14,8% V = 30 + 40 + 10 = 80 , n() = 1.163+1.357+0.439 = 2.959 , , = nRT/V = 2.959*8.31*298/80 = 91.6 : (4) = 91.6*0.393 = 36 , (2) = 91.6*0.459 = 42 , () = 91,6*0.148 = 13,6 |
77. V1(N2) = 120 = 0.120 ; = 200 = 293 ; () = 100 , (2) = 2.3 . V..(N2) =?. : 1(N2)= () - (2) = 100 - 2.3 = 97.3 . => .
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78. V1(2) = 250 = 0.250 ; = 260 = 299 ; () = 98.7 , (2) = 3.4 . V..(2) =?. : 1(2)= () - (2) = 98.7 - 3.4 = 95.3 . => .
79. : .
1. , 1 , .
2. 6,02*1023 .
Na = 6.02*1023 . , , , : , , . - .
80. : . m(O2) = 8.0 . n(O2) = m/M = 8 / 32 = 0.25 . V(O2) = n*V = 0.25 * 22.4 = 5.6 .
81. V(H2) = 280 . n(H2) = V/V = 280 / 22.4 = 12.5 . m(2) = n(H2)* M(2) = 12.5*2 = 25 .
82. V() = 600 . n() = V/V = 0.6 / 22.4 = 0.0268 . M() = m() / n() = 1.714 / 0.0268 = 64 /.
83. n(2) = 10 . V(O2) = n*V = 10 * 22.4 = 224 . m(2) = n(2)* M(2) = 10*44 = 440 .
84. V() = 2 . n() = V/V = 2 / 22.4 = 0.089 . ) : M() = m() / n() = 2.5 / 0.089 = 28 /. ) = 28. ) m = 28 / 6,02*1023 = 4,65 *10-23 .
85. ) : n(H2) = n(N2). , , .. 1.
) : m(H2) = m(N2). => V(H2) = n(H2)/V = = =>
86. , - . , , . , . , .
87. B - B. DB(A)=M(A)/MB). D(Cl2) = M(Cl2)/M() = 71/29 = 2.45; D(24) = M(C24)/M(2) = 28/32 = 0.875.
88. D()=2. DB(A)=M(A)/MB), , () = D*() = 2*29 = 58 /.
89. D(Sx)=8. DB(A)=M(A)/MB), , (Sx)= D*() = 8*32 = 256 /. = (Sx)/ (S) = 256/32 = 8 .
90. D(N2+O2)=15. DB(A)=M(A)/MB). (N2+O2) = D*() = 15*2 = 30 /. - . :
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*(N2) + *(O2) = 30
+ = 1, = 1 -
*(N2) + (1 - )*(O2) = 30 => 28x + 32 - 32x = 30 => x = 0.5 => y = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
91. . : : B=1 - N2O, B=2 - NO, B=3 - N2O3; : =2 - FeO, B=3 Fe2O3, .
92. , .. - , . = 1: , Li, Na, Rb - KCl, LiF, NaOH, RbF. = 2: Ca, Mg, Be - CaS, Mg(OH)2, BeCl2, = 3: Al, Ga, In - AlPO4, Ga(OH)3, InCl3, : : B=1 - N2O, B=2 - NO, B=3 - N2O3; : =2 - FeO, B=3 Fe2O3, .
93. , .. - , . , - , . : P = 5 - H3PO4, Cl = 7 - HClO4, S = 6 - SO3, Xe = 8 - XeF8.
94. : Sn =4 - H2SnO3, Sb =5 - SbCl5, Se =6 - SeO3, Br =7 - HBrO4.
95. : V =5 - HVO3, Cr =6 - K2CrO4, Mn =7 - KMnO4, Ru =8 - RuO4.
96. 2 : - SO2 / SO3, - HClO / HClO2, - TlCl / TlCl3.
97. 1 : - Cu2O / CuO, - FeO / Fe2O3, - Ti2O3 / TiO2.
98.
H2S | SO3 | H2SO3 | SO2 | H2SO4 | CS2 | |
99.
NH3 | N2O | NO | N2O3 | HNO2 | NO2 | N2O5 | HNO3 | NH4NO3 | NH4NO2 | N2H4 | Na3N | |
3,5 | 3,3 |
100.
NaCl | CaCl2 | Cl2O | HClO | HClO2 | KClO3 | Cl2O7 | HClO4 | |
101. . Si: =4 - SiO2, P: =5 - PCl5, S: =6 - SO3, I: =7 - HIO4.
102. . Ge: =4 - GeO2, P: =5 - PCl5, Se: =6 - SeO3, Cl: =7 - HClO4.
103. , . , () . Sn =4 - H2SnO3, Sb =5 - SbCl5, e =6 - eO3, Br =7 - HBrO4, Xe =8 - XeF8.
104. . - Na: B=1 - NaCl, Mg: B=2 - MgS, Al: B=3 - AlN, Si: =4 - SiO2, P: =5 - PCl5, S: =6 - SO3, Cl: =7 - HClO4.
105. . - K: B=1 - KCl, Ca: B=2 - CaS, Ga: B=3 - GaN, Ge: =4 - GeO2, As: =5 - AsCl5, Se: =6 - SeO3, Br: =7 - HBrO4.
106. d-,f-. , Co, Rh, Tb, Cm: Co(OH)3, RhCl3, TbCl3, CmBr3.
107. AlH3, Al2O3, AlN, Al4C3, Al2S3, AlF3
108. PH3, P2O5, AlN, Na3P, P2S5, PF5
109. : BCl3,SiCl4, PCl5, SnCl2, MgCl2, : B2S3, SiS2, P2S5, SnS, MgS.
110. : I - N2O, II - NO, III - N2O3, IV - NO2, V - N2O5; : II - MnO, III - Mn2O3, IV - MnO2, VI - MnO3, VII - Mn2O7; : II - CrO, III - Cr2O73, IV - CrO2.
111. , . Al2O3 - O=Al-O-Al=O,
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112. .
113. .
115. :
.
116. - , - , - ( , ).
117. , , . 8 - . (4 ) - =4, =8-4=4, (5 ) - =5, =8-5=3. (6 ) - =6, =8-6=2, (7 ) - =7, =8-7=1.
118. , .. , - , .. . , .
119. , : 2 (=2, =2) 22 - (=2, =1).
120. : NH4Cl - =3, = 4; : 22 - =2, = 1.