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1 5 . Joseph M. Baumgarten, 4Q500 and the Ancient Conception of the Lords Vineyard, JJS 40 (1989), pp. 16; George J. Brooke, 4Q500 1 and the Use of Scripture in the Parable of the Vineyard, DSD 2 (1995), pp. 268294.

2 . Charles S. Clermont-Ganneau, Une stele du temple de Jerusalem, RAr 28 (1872), pp. 214234, 290296 + pl. X; Joseph M. Baumgarten, Exclusions from the Temple: Proselytes and Agrippa I, JJS 33 (1982), pp. 215225; Peretz Segal, The Penalty of the Warning Inscription from the Temple of Jerusalem, IEJ 39 (1989), pp. 7984.

3 . Daniel R. Schwartz, Viewing the Holy Utensils, NTS 32 (1986), pp. 153159. , , P. Oxy. 840, , .

4 ( ) . Ronny Reich, Ritual Baths, in Eric M. Meyers (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 4:430431; Miqvaot at Khirbet Qumran and the Jerusalem Connection, in Lawrence H. Schiffman, Emanuel Tov and James C. VanderKam (eds), The Dead Sea Scrolls: Fifty Years After Their Discovery (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2000), pp. 728733.

5 , , . Magen Broshi, Excavations in the House of Caiaphas, Mount Zion, in Yigael Yadin (ed.), Jerusalem Revealed: Archaeology in the Holy City (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1974), pp. 5760. , , . Arthur Rupprecht, The House of Annas-Caiaphas, Archaeology in the Biblical World 1 (1991), pp. 4-17; Shimon Gibson, The Final Days of Jesus: The Archaeological Evidence (New York: HarperOne, 2009), p. 82. . Shimon Gibson, Stone Vessels of the Early Roman Period from Jerusalem and Palestine: A Reassessment, in G. Claudio Bottini, Leah Di Segni and L. Daniel Chrupcala (eds), One Land Many Cultures: Archaeological Studies in Honour of Stanislao Loffreda OFM (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 2003), pp. 287308.

6 . Leen and Kathleen Ritmeyer, Akeldama: Potters Field or High Priests Tomb? BAR 20/6 (1994), pp. 2235, 76, 78.

7 . Ronny Reich, Ossuary Inscriptions from the Caiaphas Tomb, Jerusalem Perspective 4/4-5 (1991), pp. 1321 + ; Ossuary Inscriptions from the Caiaphas Tomb, Atiqot 21 (1992), pp. 7277 + figs 5 and 6.

8 . Rachel Hachlili and Ann Killebrew, Was the Coin-on-Eye Custom a Jewish Burial Practice in the Second Temple Period? BA 46 (1983), pp. 147153, . 148149; Zvi Greenhut, The Caiaphas Tomb in North Talpiyot, Jerusalem, Atiqot 21 (1992), pp. 6371, . 70. . David Bivin, A Sadducee Who Believed in an Afterlife? Jerusalem Perspective 4/4-5 (1991), p. 7.

9 . Benjamin Mazar, Beth Shearim: Report on the Excavations During 19361940, vol. 1, Catacombs 14 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1973), pl. XX (= Beth Shearim, Hall P, catacomb no. 1); . Erwin R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, vol. 1, The Archaeological Evidence from Palestine (Bollingen Series 37; New York: Pantheon Books, 1953), pp. 9798 ( Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, vol. 3, nos 67 and 77), ; Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, vol. 2, p. 43 (. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, vol. 3, no. 836), .

10 . Saul Liberman, Some Aspects of After Life in Early Rabbinic Literature, in S. Lieberman et al. (eds), Harry Austryn Wolfson: Jubilee Volume on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday, vol. 2 (Jerusalem: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1965), pp. 495532, . 512513.

11 Mazar, Beth Shearim, p. 129.

12 , , , . John Dominic Crossan and Jonathan L. Reed, Excavating Jesus: Beneath the Stones, Behind the Texts (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 242. , , . Zvi Greenhut, The Caiaphas Tomb in North Talpiyot, Jerusalem, and Ronny Reich, Ossuary Inscriptions of the Caiaphas Family from Jerusalem, in H. Geva (ed.), Ancient Jerusalem Revealed (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994), , . 219222 223225.

13 , , , . Emile Puech, A-t-on redecouvert le tombeau du grand-pretre Caiphe? MdB 80 (1993), pp. 4247; William Horbury, The Caiaphas Ossuaries and Joseph Caiaphas, PEQ 126 (1994), pp. 3248.

14 . Puech, A-t-on redecouvert le tombeau du grand-pretre Caiphe?, pp. 4546; Gibson, The Final Days of Jesus, p. 83.

15 , , . Horbury, The Caiaphas Ossuaries, . 41: , , ; . 46: . ; Puech, A-t-on redecouvert le tombeau du grand-pretre Caiphe?, p. 46, Qopha Qupha.

16 . Dan Barag and David Flus-ser, The Ossuary of Yehohanah Granddaughter of the High Priest Theophilus, IEJ 36 (1986), pp. 3944; Levi Yizhaq Rahmani, A Catalogue of Jewish Ossuaries in the Collections of the State of Israel (Jerusalem: The Israel Antiquities Authority, 1994), p. 259 no. 871.

17 . Eleazar Lipa Sukenik A Jewish Tomb Cave on the Slope of Mount Scopus, Qovetz 3 (1934), pp. 6273 (Hebrew), here 67; Rahmani, A Catalogue of Jewish Ossuaries, pp. 8586 no. 41.

18 I . K. C. Hanson and Douglas E. Oakman, Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998), pp. 99-129; Douglas E. Oakman, Jesus and the Peasants (Matrix: The Bible in Mediterranean Context 4; Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2007), pp. 280297.

19 , , . Marie-Joseph Lagrange, Epigraphie semitique, RB 2 (1893), pp. 220222.

20 , , . Benjamin Mazar, The Excavations South and West of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: The Herodian Period, BA 33 (1970), pp. 4760, . 55 + . 13.

21 . Jozef Tadeusz Milik, Trois tombeaux juifs recemment decouverts au Sud-Est de Jerusalem, LA 7 (19561957), pp. 232267, : . 235239 + . 2 . 3; Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Aramaic Qorban Inscription from Jebel Hallet et-Turi and Mk 7:11 /Mt 15:5, JBL 78 (1959), pp. 6065.

22 . Mark Spigelman, The Jerusalem Shroud: A Second Temple Burial Answers Modern Medical Questions, Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 24 (2006), p. 127; Gibson, The Final Days of Jesus, pp. 138147.

23 . Joe Zias, Human Skeletal Remains from the Caiaphas Tomb, Atiqot 21 (1992), pp. 7880.

24 . Levi Yizhaq Rahmani, Jasons Tomb, IEJ 17 (1967), pp. 61-100.

25 . Yossi Nagar and Hagit Torgee, Biological Characteristics of Jewish Burial in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods, IEJ 53 (2003), pp. 164171.

 





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