, Perfect , , . , Perfect . , .
I have broken the cup. . ( ). I have seen this film. . ( ..).
, , : Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect.
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
1. PRESENT PERFECT , , , .
2. . , .
3. : have (has)+ Participle II ( has , 3- ).
4. not , . who, what, whichof .
| I have broken the cup I have seen this film | We have broken the cup We have seen this film | |
| You have broken the cup You have seen this film | You have broken the cup You have seen this film | |
| He/She/It has broken the cup He/ She has seen this film | They have broken the cup They have seen this film | |
| Have I seen this film? | Have we seen this film? | |
| Have you seen this film? | Have you seen this film? | |
| Has he/she seen this film? | Have they seen this film? | |
| I have not seen this film | We have not seen this film | |
| You have not seen this film | You have not seen this film | |
| He/ She has not seen this film | They have not seen this film |
5. . . (+;?; ) , : + ; ; ? .
already (+); (?)
just (+;?)
ever - (-) (?)
never ()
yet (); (?)
often (+;?)
seldom (+;?)
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lately, recently (+;?)
:
) I have (I've) lost my key somewhere. - ( ?) ( ).
) Have you ever been to Poland? - ? ( ).
) hasn't come back home yet. ( ).
) I've just spoken to her. ( ).
6. :
) ever, never, just, often, seldom , , ;
) already 2 : ;
) yet , ;
) lately recently .
7. , for ages ; for years ; up to now .
Present Perfect Past Simple:
1.We... (to like) it very much. 2. Yesterday we... (go) to the country. 3. He... (feel) bad. 4. We... (see) this film yesterday. 5. You not (to shut) the window. 6. What you (to bring) Mum? 7. She... (not phone) me yesterday. 8. I... (learn) English for 5 years.
Present Perfect:
1. It is raining and the children (to decide) to stay at home. 2. your mother (to prepare) the breakfast? 3. He just (to see) a very interesting film.
(PASTPERFECT)
Past Perfect ( ) to have Past Simple had + II .
| I had broken the cup when. | We had broken the cup when. | |
| You had broken the cup when. | You had broken the cup when. | |
| He/She/It had broken the cup when. | They had broken the cup when. | |
| Had I broken the cup? | Had we broken the cup? | |
| Had you broken the cup? | Had you broken the cup? | |
| Had he/she/it broken the cup? | Had they broken the cup? | |
| I had not broken the cup | We had not broken the cup | |
| You had not broken the cup.. | You had not broken the cup. | |
| He/She/It had not broken the cup | They had not broken the cup. |
Past Perfect :
1. , . , by Past Simple: They had done the work when the mother came home.
2. , , for since:
She told us she had been a teacher for 10 years.
She told us she had lived in Volgograd since she finished school.
since Past Simple.
, Past Perfect, by: : I read the book two days ago. I had read the book by 4 p.m.
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1. They did the work in the morning. 2. The delegation arrived in our city at 10. 3. Her son washed the floor in the morning. 4. She wrote her composition in the evening.
, Past Perfect, :
1. He translated that text after school. 2. They gathered vegetables in the morning. 3. We built the house at the end of September. 4. I read this article in the evening. 5. The rain stopped in the afternoon. 6. He passed his exams in June.
(FUTURE PERFECT)
Future Perfect , . . , , by (), by then ( , ), by the time ( ), before ().
I want to quit my job in a month. I will have worked for 5 years for this company by then. . 5 .
1. Future Perfect to have II .
to have :
shall have 1 . (We shall have covered 30 km by sunset)
will have 2 3 . (They will have covered 30 km by sunset).
