.
: information - , travel - , traffic - , accommodation , money - , equipment - , luggage - .
: clothes - , pyjamas - , jeans - , trousers - , shorts - , tights - , knickers - , pants - . , , . . , , a shorts two shorts, - a pair of shorts
- Can you lend me a pair of shorts? I have forgotten mine. I have two pairs. Which ones would you like? Those ones or these ones?
: furniture, bedding, flooring, washing-up liquid, washing powder.
- What sort of flooring are you going to have in your new house? - We thought we would have vinyl in the kitchen and hall and carpet on the stairs and landing.
: weather [], lightning [], thunder [], rain [], snow [], wind [], sunshine [ ].
- Did you have very much snow last winter? - There was quite a bit (of snow) higher up in the hills, but down here in the valley we did not get very much, no.
: cotton], wool, fabric, leather, plastic, wood, stone, concrete, oil, gas, coal.
- Is this shirt made of cotton or nylon? - It is 60% cotton and 40% acrylic fabric.
: sugar, salt, pepper, rice, pasta, spaghetti, flour, butter, bread, soup, coffee, tea, milk, water, juice, wine.
- Would you like some bread with the soup? - Do you have any bread rolls?
- No. - Oh well, I'll have a slice of toast, then.
: work [], research [], knowledge [; ], intelligence [], training [, ], progress [, ], stamina [, ], patience [, ], determination [], commitment [ ], reliability [], loyalty [].
- Have you done any research on this? - No, I have not, but there was a piece of research that James did last year that might be relevant.
:
(golf, baseball, boxing, chess),
(influenza - , mumps - , measles -, chicken pox - ),
(anger - , , happiness - , , fright - , astonishment - , ).
, . , :
bread = a slice of bread -
snow = a bit of snow -
shorts = a pair of shorts -
research = a piece of research -
|
|
|
baseball = a game of baseball -
:
wind = a gust of wind -
rain = a shower of rain / a drop of rain -
lightning = a flash of lightning -
thunder = a clap / a rumble of thunder
frost = a touch of frost -
fog = a patch of fog -
snow = a flurry of snow , a flake of snow -
sunshine = a burst of sunshine -
, :
jam = a jar of jam -
bread = a slice - , loaf of bread -
meat = a pound of meat -
cheese = a piece of cheese [ ]
ice cream = a pint of ice cream -
flour = a bag of flour -
water = a bottle of water -
wine = a glass of wine -
tea = a cup of tea -
milk = a carton of milk -
juice = a can of juice -
-s -es. -s [z] , [s] :
| [z] | [z] | [s] |
| pen - pens ball - balls friend - friends | day - days boy - boys tie - ties | desk - desks ship - ships part - parts |
-es :
1) , -s, -ss, -, -sh, -ch, -tch. -es [iz]:
| [izl | [iz] |
| bus - buses class - classes fox - foxes | dish - dishes bench - benches match - matches |
2) , , 'i":
| a city | cities |
| a lady | ladies |
| a cry | cries |
| a baby | babies |
3) , :
a hero - heroes, a potato - potatoes, : piano - pianos; photo - photos.
:
1) , -f(e), -(e)s, [z], f v: half - halves, wife - wives, life - lives, loaf - loaves, knife - knives Ho: roof - roofs; chief - chiefs; handkerchief - hand-kerchiefs.
2) : man- men, woman- women, tooth- teeth, foot- feet, goose- geese, mouse- mice, louse- lice.
4) child () () -en, child [ai] - [i]: child-children; ox-oxen. , , , :
| cactus | cacti |
| focus | foci |
| fungus | fungi |
| nucleus | nuclei |
| syllabus | syllabi |
| phenomenon | phenomena |
| analysis | analyses |
| diagnosis | diagnoses |
| oasis | oases |
| thesis | theses |
| crisis | crises |
, , : formula - formulas, vacuum - vacuums, ultimatum ultimatums.
|
|
|
5) : sheep- sheep, fish- fish, deer- deer, species- species, aircraft- aircraft, means- means. : : fish - fishes. -man - man -men, : sportsman - sportsmen; postman - postmen; fisherman - fishermen.
, , , : pen-fri- end - pen-friends; mother-in-law - mothers-in-law; passer-by - passers-by;
, , : looker-on - lookers-on; court martial - courts martial; man-of-war - men-of-war.
6) :
news: The news is on at 6.30 p.m.
athletics: Athletics is good for young people.
linguistics: Linguistics is the study of language.
darts: Darts is a popular game in England.
billiards: Billiards is played all over the world.
A : information (, ), advice (, .), furniture (), progress (, ), money (), series (, ).
6) , : trousers: My trousers are too tight. jeans: Her jeans are black. (. . 1, 2, 3).
1. . a an:
Wool, air, airship, word, aviation, assistance, assistant, paper (), paper (), hour, bread, darkness, water, sea, cheese, happiness, event, glass (), glass (), hero, sand, music, piano, friend, friendship, tobacco, cigarette, copper, armchair, coffee, ship, coin, university, money, ink, banknote, meat, silver, watch, timber, tree, idea, ice, furniture, chalk, heat, cow, milk, butter, horse, obligation, speed, umbrella.
2. :
Place, library, language, dress, fly, watch, clock, country, eye, bus, bush, party, ray, thief, company, Negro, mass, leaf, wolf, glass, key, fox, half, life, day, play, factory, city, colony, roof, month, opportunity, journey, shelf, hero.
Man, woman, tooth, foot, goose, child, mouse.
Postman, son-in-law, editor-in-chief, fisherman, schoolgirl, sister-in-law, textbook, pocketknife, passer-by, statesman.
3. , , :
1. Put the box on the shelf. 2. I have hurt my foot. 3. This is an English dictionary. 4. Where is the knife? 5. This factory has a good laboratory. 6. The last leaf fell from the tree. 7. This story is very long. 8. The speech was very interesting. 9. He left the key on the table. 10. Where is the brush? 11. I like his new play. 12. The roof of the house was covered with snow. 13. The wife of the sailor came to the shore. 14. A copy of the contract was sent to Berlin. 15. The cargo of the steamer consists of different raw materials.
4. , :
1. Women and children came to the shore. 2. The keys to the boxes were lost. 3. The wolves have been shot. 4. The mice were caught. 5. These factories produce furniture. 6. Copies of these letters will be sent to Berlin. 7. The cargoes will be discharged tomorrow.
5. :
|
|
|
1. . 2. . 3. . . 4. , . 5. . 6. . 7. ? 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. .
6. :
Paper, bottle, porridge, happiness, pencil, coffee, girl, work, job, plate, dog, meat, news, apricot, toothpaste, time, bedroom, money, magazine, information, honey, metal, child, yoghurt, rice, spaghetti, water, air, spoon, mustard, egg, chair, shampoo, raincoat, flower, flour, bread, soap, toy, food, knowledge, garden, oil, furniture, friend.
7. a bag of sugar :
a loaf..cheese
a bottle toothpaste
a slice. soup
a liter.sardines
a glassbread
a bar. lemonade
a jar meat
a kilowine
a tube... soap
a tinorange jam
a plate of chocolate
8. , some :
: egg milk (some 20) Can I have 20 eggs and some milk, please? ( 20 , ?)
1. sandwich bread (some 2)
2. rice apple (some 5)
3. butter banana (some 3)
4. coffee bottle of lemonade (some 4)
5. bar of chocolate sugar (some 1)
9. How many? How much:
1. salt do you usually put in soup?
2. cups of tea shall I bring?
3. films did you see?
4. friends has he got?
5. free time do we have?
6. juice is there in the fridge?
7. money did they spend?
8. tomatoes are there in the bag?
9. kilos of potatoes did you buy?
10. slices of cheese are left on the plate?
- , . : (the indefinite article) - a, an (the definite article) the. . , : a week, a minute, good answer. an , : an uncle, an apple, an old woman.
: the table, a window, the books I am reading. , , : a black dog, the school library, a good student. , , - , . /n one (). , .
:
1. : There is a man and a woman near our house.
2. to be , , . . Pete is a clever student. My mother is a teacher.
|
|
|
3. : A dog is a domestic animal.
4. what, such: What an interesting film! Such a nice girl!
the :
1. , (, ) : Nick is in the garden. The beds here are comfortable.
, : The rose is a beautiful flower. The dog is the friend of man.
2. : the sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, the galaxy, the universe.
3. , : Ive bought a house in Wales. The house is in an agricultural area.
4. : the Smiths, the Browns.
, (, , , , , , , , ): the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Thames, the Volga, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Sahara, the Alps, the Urals, the Azores, the Crimea, the United States, : South Africa, North America.
(, , , , , -, , ): the National Gallery, the British Museum, the Royal Shakespeare (Theatre), the Savoy (Hotel), the Beatles, the Guardian, the Titanic.
5. : is the first man to climb this mountain.
6. : This is the shortest way to the river.
7. : following, last, next, same, very ( , ), only ():
Write down the following sentences. Ann is the only child of her parents. Theyve made the same mistake again.
8. : the North, the South, the East, the West.
9. : the piano, the guitar. Can she play the piano?
10. cinema, theatre, radio, television. We went to the cinema last night. They often listen to the radio.
:
1. : I like dogs.
: Children, be quiet! Doctor, shall I take this medicine?
2. father, mother, uncle, and aunt , : Mother asks you to help her.
3. , , : Spring is my favorite season. Ill call you on Monday. Christmas is a very popular holiday. : : The winter of 1941 was very cold. The summer was very hot.
4. breakfast, dinner, lunch, supper: Have you had breakfast? What did you have for dinner? : : Did you like the dinner? I cooked it myself. ( ) , , : I like music. Lets do literature together tonight. , . Pass me the sugar, please. They were ready to defend the freedom of their country.
5. , , : Simon, Mary, Moscow, England, Oxford Street. hospital (), prison (), school (), university (), college (), church () , , , , : , , , , . ., Nick is ill, he is in hospital. Ho: Sam is not ill; he came to the hospital to visit Nick. Don is in prison for robbery. Ho: Dons mother went to the prison to visit his son. Hank left school and went to university. Ho: Hanks parents came to the school to speak to his teachers. Hanks parents wanted to see the university. Mrs. Dobson goes to church every Sunday. Ho: They asked him to come to the church to repair the door.
|
|
|
6. to go to bed, to be in bed to stay in bed, to go to work, to be at work, to start work, to finish work, to go home, to come home, to be at home, to stay at home .
